Fig. 1
Relationships between glaucoma subtypes and levels of aqueous ATX (A), TGF-β1 (B), TGF-β2 (C), and TGF-β3 (D) and correlations between IOP and levels of aqueous ATX (E), TGF-β1 (F), TGF-β2 (G), and TGF-β3 (H). A The level of ATX measured by immunoenzymetric assay was significantly lower in the control group than in any glaucoma group (P < 0.05 for POAG, P < 0.001 for SOAG or XFG), and differed significantly between the POAG group and SOAG or XFG groups (P < 0.01). B The level of TGF-β1 was significantly lower in the control group than in any glaucoma group (P < 0.01 for POAG and SOAG, P < 0.001 for XFG), while it was higher in the XFG group than in POAG or SOAG groups. C The level of TGF-β2 exhibited an inverse tendency, especially between POAG and XFG groups (P < 0.05 between control and POAG, P < 0.001 between POAG and XFG). D The level of TGF-β3 was significantly higher in the XFG group than in any other groups (P < 0.01 for SOAG, P < 0.001 for control or POAG). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.01. Levels of ATX (E; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.439, P = 0.0000582), TGF-β1 (F; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.494, P = 0.00000665), and TGF-β3 (H; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.537, P = 0.000000664) were positively correlated with IOP, whereas the level of TGF-β2 was not (G; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = -−0.104, P = 0.378). Relationships between glaucoma subtypes and ratios of aqueous TGF-β1/ATX (I), TGF-β2/ATX (J), and TGF-β3/ATX (K) and correlations between IOP and ratios of TGF-β1/ATX (L), TGF-β2/ATX (M), and TGF-β3/ATX (N). I The TGF-β1/ATX ratio was significantly higher in the XFG group than in the POAG group (P < 0.05). J The TGF-β2/ATX ratio was significantly higher in the control and POAG groups than in the SOAG or XFG groups (P < 0.05 between control and SOAG, P < 0.01 between POAG and SOAG, P < 0.001 between XFG and control or POAG). K The TGF-β3/ATX ratio was significantly higher in the XFG group than in any other group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.01. L–N Correlations between IOP and ratios of TGF-β1/ATX, TGF-β2/ATX, and TGF-β3/ATX. Ratios of TGF-β1/ATX (L; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.275, P = 0.017) and TGF-β3/ATX (N; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.454, P = 0.0000423) were positively correlated with IOP, whereas the ratio of TGF-β2/ATX was negatively correlated with IOP (M; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = −0.367, P = 0.000961)