Table 1 Regulation of adenosine homeostasis-related proteins in neurodegenerative diseases

AD

ADA

Up

Activity in AD patients

C

[8]

Up

Thy-Tau22 mouse model

P

[46]

ADK

Up

Protein level in AD patients

C

[25]

CD39

Up

APP/PS1 mouse model

P

[19]

Up

Thy-Tau22 mouse model

P

[46]

CD73

Up

Activity in β-amyloid (Aβ_1-42)-based mouse model of early AD

P

[93]

Up

Thy-Tau22 mouse model

P

[46]

AMPK

Up

AMPKα1 in AD patients

C

[262]

Down

AMPKα2 in AD patients

C

[262]

Up

AMPKα1 in Tg19959 mouse model

P

[262]

Up

Activity in AD patients

C

[162]

Up

Activity in APP/PS1 mouse model

P

[162]

Up

Activity in Thy-Tau22 mouse model

P

[46]

Down

Activity in APP/PS1 mouse model

P

[232]

Down

Activity in STZ-treated mouse model

P

[232]

PD

ADA

Up

Transcript level in the frontal cortex of PD patients at stages 3–4

C

[90]

Up

Activity in the serum from PD patients

C

[51, 52]

Up

Activity in the striatum of MPTP mouse model

P

[114]

CD73

Up

Transcript level in the frontal cortex of PD patients at stages 5–6

C

[90]

Up

Protein level in striatal synaptosome of a 6-OHDA rat model

P

[38]

Up

Protein level in 6-OHDA-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells

P

[38]

AMPK

Down

Total and phosphorylated levels in the substantia nigra of MPTP-treated mice and in MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells

P

[215]

Unchanged

Total and phosphorylated levels in the substantia nigra of MPTP-treated mice

P

[249]

Up

Phosphorylated level in the substantia nigra of MPTP-treated mice

P

[149]

Up

Phosphorylated level in the substantia nigra of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and of MPTP-treated and α-synuclein-overexpressing mice

P

[126]

HD

ENT1

Up

HD patients

C

[99]

Up

R6/2 mouse model

P

[127]

Up

Hdh150Q mouse model

P

[127]

Up

zQ175 mouse model

P

[99]

ENT2

Up

R6/2 mouse model

P

[127]

Up

Hdh150Q mouse model

P

[127]

ADA

Up

Activity in HEK 293 T cell line transfected with mutant exon 1 of the HTT gene

P

[217]

ADK

Up

R6/2 mouse model

P

[127]

CD39

Down

Activity in HEK 293 T cell line transfected with mutant exon 1 of the HTT gene

P

[217]

CD73

Down

Activity in HEK 293 T cell line transfected with mutant exon 1 of the HTT gene

P

[217]

AMPK

Up

Activity in HD patients

C

[125]

Up

Activity in R6/2 mouse model

P

[125]

ALS

ADA

Down

ALS patients-derived astrocyte

P

[7]

ADK

Up

Activity in reactive astrocytes of ALS patients

C

[25]

CD39

Down

Transcript level in ALS patients

C

[33]

Down

Transcript and protein level in SOD1(G93A) mouse model

P

[33, 230]

CD73

Up

SOD1(G93A) mouse model

P

[87]

AMPK

Down

ALS patients-derived BM-MSC

P

[256]

Up

Activity in ALS patients

C

[155, 156]

Up

Activity in SOD1(G93A) mouse model

P

[153, 257]

Up

Activity in TDP-43 mouse model

P

[155]

Epilepsy

ENT1

Up

Protein level in neocortex of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

C

[248]

Up

Protein level in the hippocampus of a pilocarpine-induced rat model

P

[248]

ADK

Up

Protein level in temporal lobe of patients with epilepsy

C

[13, 165]

Up

Protein level in the hippocampus and astrocytes of a kainite mouse model

P

[96]

Up

Protein level in the hippocampus, cortex, and astrocytes of rats with status epilepticus

P

[13]

AMPK

Down

Protein level in the neocortex of epileptic patients

C

[252]

Down

Protein level in the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazol- and kainic acid-induced mouse models

P