Fig. 7

Defective autophagosomes harbor intracellular H. pylori. AGS cells were left untreated or pretreated with pharmacological drugs: a 3-methyl adenine (3-MA, 2 mM), b rapamycin (Rapa, 100 nM), c concanamycin A (ConA, 50 nM), or d chloroquine (ChlQ, 10 μM). The samples were then infected with H. pylori 26695 or ΔCGT and treated with gentamycin for 1 h. The samples were then lysed and plated for colony counting (CFU/ml). Data represent the mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs. the control (n = 3). e AGS cells transfected with the plasmid encoding EGFP-tagged LC3 were treated and infected as indicated in Fig. 3a and then stained with DAPI (blue) to label both host-cell nuclei and bacteria. Scale bar: 5 μm. f After AGS cells were infected with H. pylori 26695 or ΔCGT as indicated in Fig. 3a, they were stained with LysoTracker™ Red DND-99 (red) and labeled with DAPI (blue) to label both host-cell nuclei and bacteria. Scale bar: 10 μm