Fig. 2

Involvement of driver mutations in the progression of lung cancer pathogenesis. An oncogenic Kras mutation is the initiator of tumorigenic progression in lung cancer, causing hyperplasia developing into adenoma. Mutations in p53 and RB contribute to carcinogenic switching of the tissue. Further amplification of MAPK signalling pathway elements, as well as amplifications in the EGFR gene result in metastasis to distant organs. (Darkening of the colours in the cells indicate progression of cancer stage.) (Adapted from Gazdar et al. 2008 and 2016 Feldser Laboratory [173, 174]) (Figure generated using SMART Servier Medical Art tools—https://smart.servier.com/.)