Table 2 The miRNA profiles associated with PD patients

Human Plasma

rt-qPCR

miR-27a

Let-7a, let-7f, miR-142-3p, miR-222

25 PD, 25 HC

[29]

rt-qPCR

–

MiR-1, miR-22*, miR-29a

15 PD, 8 HC

[118]

rt-qPCR, exosome

ex-miR-331-5p

ex-miR-505

52 PD, 48 HC

[224]

rt-qPCR

miR-7-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-124-3p, miR- 136-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-330-5p, miR-433-3p, miR-495-3p

–

99 (idiopathic) PD, 101 HC

[154]

rt-qPCR

miR-22-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-154-5p, miR-330-5p

–

109 PD, 92 HC

[155]

rt-qPCR

miR-105-5p

–

317 PD, 273 HC

[220]

rt-qPCR

miR-132

–

46 PD

[221]

rt-qPCR

miR-331-5p

–

31 PD, 25 HC

[25]

NGS + rt-qPCR

miR-338-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-30a-3p

miR-16–2-3p, miR-1294

50 PD, 65 HC, (53 AD); serum + CSF;

[19]

rt-Qpcr exosome

ex-miR-30c-2-3p

ex-miR-15b-5p, ex-miR-106b-3p,ex-miR-138-5p, ex-miR-338-3p

30 PD, 30 HC

[210]

rt-qPCR

miR-137

miR-124

60 PD, 60 HC

[103]

rt-qPCR, exosome

ex-miR-34a-5p

–

15 PD, 14 HC

[68]

rt-qPCR

miR-30a-5p

–

(Set 1) 50 PD, 50 HC; (Set 2) 49 PD, 49 HC; meta-analysis for both set 1 and set 2

[167]

Human Serum

rt-qPCR

–

miR-132-3p, miR-146-5p

82 PD, 44 HC

[176]

rt-qPCR

miR-29c

–

51 PD, 20 HC

[141]

rt-qPCR

miR-30c-5p, miR-373

–

148 PD, 126 HC

[228]

rt-qPCR

–

miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c

80 PD, 80 HC

[9]

rt-qPCR, exosome

ex-miR-24, ex-miR-195

ex-miR-19b

109 PD, 43 HC

[24]

rt-qPCR

let-7d, miR-22*, miR-23a, miR-24, miR-142-3p, miR-222

–

30 PD, 30 HC

[11]

rt-qPCR

–

miR-29c, miR-146a, miR-214, miR-221

138 PD, 112 HC

[111]

NGS (Illumina Solexa seq) + rt-qPCR

miR-195

miR-15b, miR-181a, miR-185, miR-221

106 PD, 91 HC

[43]

NGS (Illumina Solexa seq) + rt-qPCR

–

miR-141, miR-146b-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-214

169 PD, 180 HC

[44]

NGS (Illumina NextSeq in PPMI cohort) + microarray (in NCER-PD cohort)

miR-6836-3p, miR-6777-3p

miR-487b-3p, miR-493-5p, miR-15b-5p

total 1614 in PPMI cohort; 440 PD, 485 HC in NCER-PD cohort

[87]

Human PBMCs

Microarray + rt-qPCR

–

miR-335, miR-374a, miR-199a-3p/miR-199b-3p, miR-126*, miR-151-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-151-5p, miR-126, miR-29b, miR-147, miR-28-5p, miR-30b, miR-374b, miR-19b, miR-30c, miR-29c, miR-301a, miR-26a

19 PD, 13 HC; only miR-126* was validated by rt-qPCR

[120]

rt-qPCR

miR-155-5p

miR-146a-5p

37 PD, 43 HC

[22]

Human leukocytes

NGS + rt-qPCR

miR-199b, miR-1274b, miR-21, miR-150, miR-671, miR-1249, miR-20a, miR-18b*, miR-378c, iR-4293

miR-320a, miR-320b, miR-320c, miR-769, miR-92b, miR-16

7 PD, 6 HC

[181]

Human CSF

NGS (Illumina HiSeq) + rt-qPCR, exosome

ex-miR‐126‐5p, ex-miR‐99a‐5p

–

Discovery cohort (RNA-seq): 42 PD, 43 HC; Validation cohort (rt-qPCR): 25 PD, 25 HC

[23]

Microarray + rt-qPCR, exosome

ex-let-7c-3p, ex-miR-10a-5p, ex-miR-153, and ex-miR-409-3p

ex-miR-1, ex-miR-19b-3p

Discovery cohort: 47 PD, 27 HC; Validation cohort: 78 PD, 35 HC

[69]

NGS (SOLiD) + rt-qPCR

miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, let-7 g-3p,

miR-10a-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-128, miR-132-5p, miR-136-3p, miR-212-3p, miR-370, miR-409-3p, miR-431-3p, miR-433, miR-485-5p, miR-873-3p, miR-1224-5p, miR-4448

57 PD, 65 HC, (62 AD); serum + CSF; bold highlighted 5 miRNA are both downregulated in AD

[19]

NGS (Illumina Nextseq 500)

let-7f-5p

miR-27a-3p, miR-423-5p

40 PD, 40 HC; miRNA as 20–24 nt

[46]

rt-qPCR

miR-205

miR-24

28 PD, 28 HC (17 MSA)

[119]

rt-qPCR

miR-144-5p, miR-200a-3p and miR-542-3p

–

44 PD, 42 HC

[127]

rt-qPCR

–

miR-626

15 PD, 16 HC, 11 AD

[149]

Human Saliva

rt-qPCR

–

miR-153, miR-223

83 PD, 77 HC

[38]

rt-qPCR

miR-145-3p, miR-874

–

30 PD, 30 HC

[32, 33]

Human Brain section

Microarray + rt-qPCR

–

miR-34b, miR-34c

11 PD, 6 controls; frontal lobe, amygdala

[126]

rt-qPCR

–

miR-205

16 PD, 7 HC; frontal lobe; lower miR-205 cause increased LRRK2 level

[35]

rt-qPCR

–

miR-7-5p

6 PD, 5 HC; SN

[123]

NGS (Illumina HiSEq 2000)

–

miR-10b-5p

29 PD, 33 HC; prefrontal cortex

[79]

Microarray

miR-22, miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-181c, miR-181d, miR-129, miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-373, miR-330, miR-130a, miR-130b, miR-374

6 PD, 5 HC; medulla (dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, inferior olivary nucleus); miRNA targeted to differentially expressed genes were selected. No change of level can be obtained

[106]

TaqMan

miR-548d

miR-198, miR-485-5p, miR-339-5p, miR-208b, miR-135b, miR-299-5p, miR-330-5p, miR-542-3p, miR-379, miR-337-5p

8 PD, 4 HC; SN

[26]

rt-qPCR

–

miR-34b

25 PD, 26 HC; putamen; decreased miR-34b with increased adenosine A2A receptor protein level

[194]

Microarray

miR-126

–

8 PD, 8 HC; SN-DA neurons

[90]

rt-qPCR

–

miR-133b (midbrain)

3PD, 3HC; midbrain, (cerebral cortex, cerebellum)

[89]