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Table 1 Summary of published SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing Abs until October, 2021

From: Monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 therapy and SARS-CoV-2 detection

 

Ab name*/epitope

Source

Method for structure

In vitro neutralization

In vivo experiment

References

1

B38/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

X-ray crystallography

AV, CPE50 = 177.0 ng/ml

hACE2 mice,

Treatment, 25 mg/kg, ↓3.3 log

[72]

2

47D11/RBD

Hybridoma mice, SARS-CoV

Cryo-EM

AV, PRNT50 = 570.0 ng/ml

Hamsters,

Prophylactic,

3 mg/1 mL or 500 μL human convalescent plasma, TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 1–2 log

[40, 67, 246]

3

S309 (VIR-7831, Sotrovimab)/RBD

Human patient, SARS-CoV, and Single B cell

Cryo-EM

AV, FRNT50 = 79.0 ng/ml

Hamsters,

Prophylactic, 5 mg/kg, viral load↓3 log

[96, 97]

4

311mab-31B5/RBD

311mab-32D4/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

PSV,

311mab-31B5, IC50 = 33.8 ng/ml. 311mab-32D4, IC50 = 69.8 ng/ml

N.D

[100]

5

BD-23/RBM and N165 glycan of the neighboring “down” RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

AV, PRNT50 = 15.0 ng/ml

hACE2 mice,

Prophylactic, 20 mg/kg, viral load, ↓ 7 log

Treatment, 20 mg/kg, viral load, ↓ 4 log

[194]

6

2B04/RBD

1B07/RBD

Immunized Mouse single B cell

N.D

AV,

2B04, FRNT50 = 1.46 ng/ml

1B07, FRNT50 = 37.0 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, Prophylactic,

10 mg/kg, RNA 107 → 106

[247]

7

REGN10933(Casirivimab)/RBM

REGN10987 (Imdevimab)/RBD

REGN10933/Humanized mice

REGN10987/Patient single B cell

HDX-MS

Cryo-EM

AV,

REGN10933, PRNT50 = 5.6 ng/ml

REGN10987, PRNT50 = 6.3 ng/ml

REGN10933 + REGN10987,

Rhesus macaques, Prophylactic,

25 mg/kg, subgenomic RNA, ↓ 2 log

Hamsters,

Prophylactic, 50, 5, or 0.5 mg/kg,

subgenomic RNA, ↓ 3, 2, 1 log

Treatment, 50, 5, or 0.5 mg/kg,

subgenomic RNA, ↓ 4, 4, 2 log

[41, 82]

8

4A8/NTD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

AV, virus RNA by qPCR

IC50 = 390 ng/ml

N.D

[74]

9

COVA1-22/NTD

COVA1-18/RBD

COVA2-15/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Negative stain EM

PSV,

COVA1-18, IC50 = 8.0 ng/ml

COVA2-15, IC50 = 8.0 ng/ml

AV, VeroE6 cells staining,

COVA1-18, IC50 = 7.0 ng/ml

COVA2-15, IC50 = 9.0 ng/ml

hACE2 mice,

Prophylactic, 10 mg/kg, viral load, ↓ 4 log

Treatment, 10 mg/kg, viral load, ↓ 4 log

Hamsters,

Treatment, 10 mg/kg, Viral titer, ↓ 3 log

Cynomolgus macaques, Prophylactic,

10 mg/kg, absence of detectable sgRNA subgenomic RNA

[71, 248]

10

CV30/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

PSV, IC50 = 30 ng/ml

N.D

[70, 249]

11

P2B-2F6/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

X-ray crystallography

AV,

P2B-2F6, PRNT50 = 50 ng/ml

P2B-1F11, PRNT50 = 30 ng/ml

N.D

[250]

12

C121/RBD C135/RBD C144/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Negative stain EM, X-ray crystallography, and Cryo-EM

AV, VeroE6 cells infection (IFA)

C121, IC50 = 1.64 ng/ml

C135, IC50 = 2.98 ng/ml

C144, IC50 = 2.55 ng/ml

N.D

[197, 251]

13

COV2-2130 (Cilgavimab)/RBM

COV2-2196 (Tixagevimab)/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Negative stain EM

AV, FRNT

COV2-2130, IC50 = 107 ng/ml

COV2-2196, IC50 = 15 ng/ml

PSV,

COV2-2130, IC50 = 1.6 ng/ml

COV2-2196, IC50 = 0.7 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, 10 mg/kg

Prophylactic, lung plaque assay (PFU)

COV2-2130, ↓ 3 log

COV2-2196, ↓ 3 log

COV2-2130 + COV2-2196, ↓ 3 log

Rhesus macaques, 50 mg/kg

Prophylactic, subgenomic viral RNA

COV2-2196, ↓ 3 log

BALB/c mice, 20 mg/kg

Treatment, lung plaque assay (PFU)

COV2-2130, ↓ 1 log

COV2-2196, ↓ 4 log

COV2-2130 + COV2-2196, ↓ 4 log

[100, 101]

14

IgG1 ab1/RBD

Fab, scFv, VH phage display libraries

N.D

PSV, Luciferase reporter virus

IC50 = 200 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, 3 mg/kg

Prophylactic, lung plaque assay (PFU)

104.5 → 101

[39]

15

rRBD-15/RBD

Phage display

N.D

PSV, IC50 = 1830 ng/ml

N.D

[252]

16

HbnC3t1p1_C6/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

AV, CPE, IC100 = 40 ng/ml

N.D

[253]

17

2–15/RBM

2–7/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

AV, CPE

2–15, IC50 = 0.7 ng/ml

2–7, IC50 = 3.0 ng/ml

PSV, CPE

2–15, IC50 = 5.0 ng/ml

2–7, IC50 = 10.0 ng/ml

Hamsters, 0.3 ~ 1.5 mg/kg

2–15, Prophylactic,

RNA copy 106 → 102, ↓ 4 log

[66, 254]

18

S2H13/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

PSV, IC50 = 500 ng/ml

N.D

[255]

19

S2M11/RBD S2E12/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

PSV,

S2M11, IC50 = 2.1 ng/ml

S2E12, IC50 = 2.3 ng/ml

AV, Focus-forming assay

S2M11, IC50 = 1.2 ng/ml

S2E12, IC50 = 4.2 ng/ml

Hamsters, 1 mg/kg, Prophylactic,

S2M11, TCID50 105 → 101, ↓ 4 log

S2E12, TCID50 105 → 101, ↓ 4 log

S2M11 + S2E12, TCID50 105 → 101, ↓ 4 log

0.5 mg/kg, Prophylactic,

S2M11 + S2E12, TCID50 105 → 103, ↓ 2 log

[256]

20

CV07-209/N.D. CV07-250/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

X-ray crystallography

AV,

CV07-209, PRNT50 = 3.1 ng/ml

CV07-250, PRNT50 = 3.5 ng/ml

Hamsters, CV07-209, 18 mg/kg

Prophylactic, ↓ 4 ~ 5 log,

Treatment, ↓ 3 ~ 4 log

[257]

21

P008_056/NTD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography

AV, CPE50 = 30 ng/ml

N.D

[258]

22

58G6/RBM

13G9/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

AV,

58G6, PRNT50 = 6.0 ng/ml

13G9, PRNT50 = 9.2 ng/ml

PSV,

58G6, IC50 = 4.0 ng/ml

13G9, IC50 = 5.9 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, 10 mg/kg,

Prophylactic, PRNT50 ↓ 3 log

[207]

23

S1D7/RBD

S3D8/RBD

Immunised Mouse

N.D

AV, VeroE6 cells infection (IFA)

S1D7, IC50 = 405 ng/ml

S3D8, IC50 = 139 ng/ml

S1D7 + S3D8, IC = 200 ng/ml

N.D

[259]

24

Wang-C387/RBD

Wang-C437/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

AV, VeroE6 cells infection (IFA)

Wang-C387, IC50 = 8.4 ng/ml

Wang-C437, IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml

PSV,

Wang-C387, IC50 = 10.6 ng/ml

Wang-C437, IC50 = 4.9 ng/ml

N.D

[260]

25

S2-X333/NTD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

AV,

S2-X333, IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml

Hamsters, viral challenge

Viral RNA copies/mg lung:

4 mg/kg, 106 → 103, ↓ 3 log

TCID50/mg lung:

1 mg/kg, 104 → 101, ↓ 3 log

4 mg/kg, 104 → 101, ↓ 3 log

[34]

26

C601/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml

N.D

[191]

27

LY-CoV555 (Bamlanivimab)/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM and

X-ray crystallography

AV,

PRNT50 = 20 ng/ml (WA isolate)

PRNT50 = 49 ng/ml (Italy isolate)

PSV, stably transfected ACE2

IC50 = 12 ng/ml

Rhesus macaques, 2.5 mg/kg

Prophylactic,

BAL viral replication (Day3): ↓ > 1 log RNA copies/ml

BAL viral replication (Day6): ↓ > 2 log RNA copies/ml

Lung viral replication (Day6): ↓ > 3 log RNA copies/ml

[89]

28

XG003/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

AV,

XG005, IC50 =  ~ 100 ng/ml

XG014, IC50 = 5.1 ng/ml

PSV, Luciferase assay

XG005, IC50 = 6.1 ng/ml

XG014, IC50 = 14.4 ng/ml

N.D

[261]

29

CM17/NTD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

AV, IC50 = 30 ng/ml

MA10 mice, virus titer (PFU), 105 to 103, ↓ 2 log

(MA10 mice: BALB/c mouse model, a pathogenic mouse ACE2-adapted SARS-CoV-2 variant)

[262]

30

ABP18/RBD

Phage Display (Ab, human, non-immune)

N.D

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 = 60 ng/ml

N.D

[263]

31

ION-360/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

X-ray crystallography

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 = 25.5 ng/ml

N.D

[264]

32

STE90-C11/RBD

Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, immune—CoV2)

X-ray crystallography

AV, PRNT50 = 84 ng/ml

N.D

[48]

33

FC05/NTD

Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, immune—CoV2)

Cryo-EM

N.D

N.D

[265]

34

P17/RBD

Phage Display (Ab, human, non-immune)

Cryo-EM

PSV, IC50 = 24.8 ng/ml,

AV, PRNT50 = 29.2 ng/ml

hACE mice, 20 mg/kg

Prophylactic + Treatment, ↓ 1.93 log RNA copies/g, > 2 log PFU/ml (lung)

Treatment, ↓ 1 log RNA copies/g, > 2 log PFU/ml (lung)

[266]

35

HB27/RBD

Humanized from Immunised Mouse

Cryo-EM

PSV, IC50 = 6 ng/ml

AV, PRNT50 = 33 ng/ml

hACE mice, 20 mg/kg

Prophylactic,

Day3 (lung): ↓ 5 log RNA copies/g, > 3 log PFU/ml

Day5 (lung): ↓ 3 log RNA copies/g, > 1 log PFU/ml

Therapeutic treatment:

Day3 (lung): ↓ 4 log RNA copies/g, > 3 log PFU/ml

Day5 (lung): ↓ 3 log RNA copies/g, > 1 log PFU/ml

[267]

36

6D3/S1-S2 cleavage Site

Mouse Hybridoma

X-ray crystallography

N.D

N.D

[268]

37

P4A1/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

X-ray crystallography

PSV, IC50 = 975 ng/ml

Cynomolgus monkeys, 10 mg/kg,

Day7 (lung): ↓ 3–4 log viral load (copies/g)

[43]

38

P5A-1B9/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

AV, IC50 = 16.5 ng/ml

PSV, IC50 = 12.0 ng/ml

N.D

[269]

39

TAU-1109/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

PSV, pseudo-typed GFP SARS-CoV-2

IC50 = 45 ng/ml

N.D

[270]

40

58G6/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

AV, RT-qPCR

IC50 = 9.98 ng/ml

N.D

[271]

41

H014/RBD

Immunized Humanized (hACE2) Mouse

Cryo-EM

AV, PRNT50 = 5725.5 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, 50 mg/kg, Viral load,

Treatment ↓ 1 log,

Prophylactic + therapeutic treatment ↓2 log

[46]

42

BD-368–2/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

AV, IC50 = 15 ng/ml:

PSV, IC50 = 1.2 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, 20 mg/kg,

Prophylactic, Viral load ↓6 log

Treatment, Viral load ↓3 log

[194, 272]

43

CnC2t1p1_B4/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

AV, IC100 =  ~ 10,000 ng/ml

N.D

[253]

44

413–2/non-RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

AV, IC50 =  ~ 7500 ng/ml

PSV, IC50 = 8198 ng/ml

N.D

[273]

45

EY6A/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

X-ray crystallography

AV, PRNT50 ~ 10,800 ng/ml

N.D

[60]

46

Fab1-20/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

N.D

PSV, IC50 = 8 ng/ml

N.D

[66]

47

MD65/RBD

Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, immune—CoV2)

N.D

AV, PRNT50 = 220 ng/ml

N.D

[73]

48

CC12.1/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

X-ray crystallography

PSV,

HeLa-ACE2, IC50 = 46 ng/ml

VER0-6, IC50 = 120 ng/ml

Hamsters, Prophylactic, 16.5 ~ 4.2 mg/kg

Viral RNA, ↓2.5 log

[39, 274]

49

CA521/RBD

Transgenic Mouse

Cryo-EM

AV, PRNT50 = 0.73 ng/ml

PSV, IC50 = 0.1 ng/ml

C57BL/6 mice, 20 mg/kg,

Prophylactic, Viral RNA ↓2–4 log

[275]

50

BG10-19/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography

PSV,

D614G, IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml

B.1.1.7, IC50 = 1.0 ng/ml

B.1.351, IC50 = 4.0 ng/ml

N.D

[276]

51

COV2-2531/S2

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Negative stain EM

PSV, IC50 = 1.6 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, 10 mg/kg,

Viral RNA ↓2 log

[207]

52

RBD-chAb-15/RBM

RBD-chAb-25/RBM

RBD-chAb-45/RBM

Hybridoma screening and humanized

Cryo-EM

AV,

WT,

RBD-chAb-15, PRNT50 = 30.3 ng/ml

RBD-chAb-25, PRNT50 = 15.8 ng/ml

RBD-chAb-45, PRNT50 = 9.9 ng/ml

B.1.617.2,

RBD-chAb-15, PRNT50 = 37.8 ng/ml

RBD-chAb-45, PRNT50 = 18.0 ng/ml

RBD-chAb-15 + 45, PRNT50 = 37.5 ng/ml

PSV,

WT,

RBD-chAb-15, IC50 = 52.3 ng/ml

RBD-chAb-25, IC50 = 25.44 ng/ml

RBD-chAb-45, IC50 = 2.3 ng/ml

B.1.617.2,

RBD-chAb-15, PRNT50 = 103.6 ng/ml

RBD-chAb-45, PRNT50 = 15.5 ng/ml

RBD-chAb-15 + 45, PRNT50 = 25.7 ng/ml

Hamsters, Prophylactic,

WT, 3 mg/kg

RBD-chAb-15: TCID50 ↓ 1 log

RBD-chAb-45: TCID50 ↓ 3.5 log

RBD-chAb-15 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 4 log

WT, 4.5 mg/kg

RBD-chAb25: TCID50 ↓ 2 log

RBD-chAb45: TCID50 ↓ 2 log

RBD-chAb25 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 4 log

AAV-hACE2 mice, Treatment, WT, 3 mg/kg

RBD-chAb25 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 1.5 log

Hamsters, Treatment,

WT, 3 mg/kg

RBD-chAb-15 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 4 log

RBD-chAb25 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 4 log

B.1.617.2, 6 mg/kg

RBD-chAb-45: TCID50 ↓ 3 log

RBD-chAb-15 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 3.5 log

[50, 75, 76]

53

CT-P59

B cell, COVID-19 patient

X-ray crystallography

AV, PRNT50 = 8.4 ng/ml

Ferrets, Treatment, 30 mg/kg

TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 1 log

Hamsters, Treatment, 30 mg/kg

TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 7 log

Rhesus monkeys, Treatment, 45 mg/kg

TCID50 (Lung) unchanged

[47]

54

LY-CoV016 (Etesevimab, CB6 JS016,)/RBM

B cell, COVID-19 patient

X-ray crystallography

AV, CPE50 = 36 ng/ml

PSV, CPE50 = 23 ng/ml

Rhesus monkeys, Prophylactic, 50 mg/kg

Day3 (lung): ↓ 4 log RNA

Rhesus monkeys, Treatment, 50 mg/kg

Day3 (lung): ↓ 2 log RNA

[51]

55

2C08/RBD

B-cell; SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinee

Cryo-EM

AV, FRNT50 = 5 ng/ml

Hamsters, 2 mg/animal

Prophylactic, viral RNA ↓ 3–4 log

[277]

56

S2X259/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM

AV,

S2X259, PRNT50 = 144.2 ng/ml

PSV, IC50 = 212.3 ng/ml

Hamsters, B.1.351 viral challenge

TCID50/mg lung:

1 mg/kg, 104 → 103, ↓ 1 log

4 mg/kg, 104 → 101, ↓ 3 log

1 + 1 mg/kg with S309, 104 → 101, ↓ 3 log

[61]

57

A23-58–1/RBD

B cell, COVID-19 patient

Cryo-EM and

Negative stain EM

AV, CPE,

USA-WA1, IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml

PSV, Luciferase assay

D614G, IC50 = 1.8 ng/ml

B.1.1.7, IC50 < 0.6 ng/ml

B.1.351, IC50 = 1.6 ng/ml

N.D

[278]

58

COV107-23/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

X-ray crystallography

N.D

N.D

[279]

59

910–30/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

Cryo-EM

AV, CPE, IC50 = 183 ng/ml

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 = 66 ng/ml

N.D

[280]

60

DH1043/RBD

DH1052/NTD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

Cryo-EM

and Negative stain EM

PSV, Luciferase assay

DH1043, IC50 = 34 ng/ml

DH1050, IC50 > 100,000 ng/ml

BALB/c mice, 30 mg/kg, Prophylactic, DH1052, viral RNA, ↓ 1 log

Macaque, Prophylactic, 10 mg/kg

lung subgenomic RNA

DH1043, ↓ 5 log

DH1052 ↓ < 1 log

[281]

61

C1A-B3/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

X-ray crystallography

AV, PRNT50 = 62 ng/ml

PSV, Lentivirus pseudotype

D614G, IC50 = 81 ng/ml

N.D

[282]

62

S2H97/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

X-ray crystallography and Cryo-EM

AV, PRNT50 = 794 g/ml

PSV, PRNT50 = 338 ng/ml

Hamsters, 25 mg/animal

Prophylactic, viral RNA ↓ 4 log

[62]

63

47D1/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

X-ray crystallography

AV, PRNT50 = 12.7 ng/ml

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 = 6.0 ng/ml

Hamsters, Prophylactic,

100, 25, or 6.25 mg/kg, lung viral RNA ↓ 1 log

1.6, or 0.4 mg/kg, lung viral RNA without difference

[283]

64

S2P6/S2

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

X-ray crystallography and Cryo-EM

PSV, Luciferase assay

D614G, IC50 ~ 10,000 ng/ml

P.1, IC50 ~ 10,000 ng/ml

B.1.1.7, IC50 ~ 100,000 ng/ml

B.1.351, IC50 ~ 100,000 ng/ml

B.1.617.1, IC50 ~ 20,000 ng/ml

Hamsters, Prophylactic,

Prototypic SARS-CoV-2

20 mg/kg, TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 2 log

2 mg/kg, TCID50 (Lung) < 1 log

B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2

20 mg/kg, TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 1.5 log

[284]

65

P5A-3C8/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

X-ray crystallography

AV, FRNT50 = 11.2 ng/ml

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 = 20.6 ng/ml

Hamsters, Prophylactic,

5 mg/kg, lung viral RNA ↓ 1 log

[285]

66

5A6/RBD

Phage Display (Ab, human, non-immune)

Cryo-EM

AV, CPE, IC50 = 140.7 ng/ml

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 = 75.5 ng/ml

N.D

[286]

67

BLN12/NTD

Phage Display (Ab, human, immune [SARS-CoV-2])

N.D

AV, PRNT50 = 8.0 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, Prophylactic

5 mg/kg, 100% protection of death

0.5 mg/kg, 80% protection of death

[287]

68

N12-11/NTD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

Cryo-EM

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 ~ 490 ng/ml

N.D

[288]

69

2B11/RBD

Phage Display (Ab, human, immune [SARS-CoV-2])

X-ray crystallography

AV, PRNT50 = 1.0 ng/ml

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 = 6.0 ng/ml

B.1.1.7, IC50 = 12.2 ng/ml

B.1.351, IC50 = 5091 ng/ml

P.1, IC50 = 2527 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, 25 or 75 mg/kg,

Prophylactic, lung viral RNA ↓ 2 log

Treatment, lung viral RNA ↓ 1 log

[289]

70

mAb40/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

N.D

AV,

B.1.167.2, FRNT50 = 29 ng/ml

PSV, Luciferase assay

B.1.167.1, IC50 = 24 ng/ml

B.1.167.2, IC50 = 24 ng/m

B.1.1.519, IC50 = 17 ng/ml l

B.1.429, IC50 = 11 ng/ml

N.D

[216]

71

C549/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

N.D

PSV, Luciferase assay

WT, IC50 = 10.95 ng/ml

Q493R, IC50 = 2.35 ng/m

E484G, IC50 = 2.29 ng/ml

R346S, IC50 = 8.33 ng/ml

N.D

[220]

72

SARS2-38/RBD

Immunised Mouse

Cryo-EM

AV, FRNT50 = 5.0 ng/ml

PSV, FRNT50 = 6.0 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, 5 mg/kg Ab,

Treatment, viral RNA, ↓ 3 log

Hamsters, 10 mg/kg,

Treatment, viral RNA, ↓ 2 log

[290]

73

54,042–4/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

Cryo-EM

PSV, Real-time cell analysis assay

IC50 = 9.0 ng/ml

AV, ELISA

B.1.1.7, IC50 = 5.5 ng/ml

B.1.351, IC50 = 9.7 ng/ml

B.1.617.2, IC50 = 1.5 ng/ml

P.1, IC50 = 3.7 ng/ml

N.D

[291]

74

MA1/RBD

Immunised Mouse

Cryo-EM

AV, Luciferase assay

IC50 ~ 10 ng/ml

PSV, Luciferase assay

IC50 ~ 10 ng/ml

N.D

[292]

75

C12A2/RBD C12C9/NTD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

Cryo-EM

AV, CPE

USA-WA1

C12A2, IC50 = 2 ng/ml

C12C9, IC50 = 43 ng/ml

B.1.1.7,

C12A2, IC50 = 8 ng/ml

C12C9, IC50 = 6 ng/ml

B.1.351,

C12A2, IC50 > 50 ng/ml

C12C9, IC50 > 500 ng/ml

N.D

[293]

76

TRES6/RBD

Transgenic Mouse

N.D

AV,

CoV-2-ER1 (D614G) TRES6, IC50 = 102 ng/ml

TRES6hu, IC50 = 33 ng/ml

hACE2 mice, viral challenge

5.25 mg/kg Ab,

Log10 viral load (RNA copies) reduction:

4 days post, lung 30x, BAL 40x

10 days post, lung 100x, BAL 400x

Prevented body weight loss,

Reduced clinical symptoms

[294]

77

C1027/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

N.D

PSV, after 12 month

WT, IC50 = 20.8 ng/ml

K417N, IC50 = 4.1 ng/m

E484K, IC50 = 3.4 ng/ml

N501Y, IC50 = 16.8 ng/ml

AV, after 12 month

WA1/2020, IC50 = 9.35 ng/ml

B.1.351, IC50 = 6.08 ng/ml

N.D

[295]

78

NT-193/RBD

Immunised mouse (TC-mAb)

X-ray crystallography

PSV, WT

IgG1, IC50 =  ~ 5.0 ng/ml

IgG3, IC50 =  ~ 1.0 ng/ml

AV,

WT,

IgG1, TCID50 =  ~ 600 ng/ml

IgG3, TCID50 =  ~ 600 ng/ml

D614G,

IgG1, TCID50 =  ~ 250 ng/ml

IgG3, TCID50 =  ~ 150 ng/ml

Hamsters, IgG3,

Viral RNA copies/mg lung:

Prophylactic,

1.25 mg/kg, 106 → 105, ↓ 1 log

5 mg/kg, TCID50 106 → 105, ↓ 1 log

Treatment,

1.25 mg/kg, 106 → 105, ↓ 1 log

5 mg/kg, TCID50 106 → 104, ↓ 2 log

[296]

79

7B8/RBD

Immunised mouse (RenMab)

Cryo-EM

PSV,

D614G, IC50 =  ~ 100 ng/ml

B.1.1.7, IC50 =  ~ 100 ng/ml

N501Y, IC50 =  ~ 100 ng/ml

N.D

[297]

80

CC40.1/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

X-ray crystallography

PSV,

IC50 < 100 ng/ml

N.D

[298]

81

STE73-2E9/RBD

Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, immune-CoV2)

N.D

AV, TCID50 = 61.5 ng/ml

N.D

[48]

82

Fab-324/RBD

Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, non-immune)

Cryo-EM

PSV,

Multabody, IC50 = 24 ng/ml

IgG, IC50 = 21,000 ng/ml

N.D

[299]

83

P5C3/RBD

B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

Cryo-EM

PSV,

WT, IC50 = 4.0 ng/ml

D614G, IC50 = 14.0 ng/ml

E484K/N501Y, IC50 = 4.0 ng/ml

K417N/E484K/N501Y, IC50 = 13.0 ng/ml

AV, CPE

WT, IC50 = 5.0 ng/ml

D614G, IC50 = 11.0 ng/ml

B.1.1.7, IC50 = 8.0 ng/ml

B.1.351, IC50 = 3.0 ng/ml

Hamsters,

Prophylactic, 5.0, 1.0, or 0.5 mg/kg

Lung viral RNA, all 105 → 102, ↓ 3 log

[300]

84

PDI-222/RBD,

WCSL-119/RBD

PDI-222: B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient

WCSL-119: Semi-synthetic Human Fab Library

Cryo-EM

AV,

PDI-222,

WT, PRNT50 = 5.0 ng/ml

D614G, PRNT 50 = 11.0 ng/ml

WCSL-119,

WT, PRNT50 = 22.0 ng/ml

D614G, PRNT 50 = 25.0 ng/ml

B57BL mice, SARS-CoV-2 (D614G N501Y)

Prophylactic, 5, 1, or 0.2 mg/kg

PDI-222, TCID50 all ↓ 2 log

WCSL-119,

5 or 1 mg/kg, TCID50 ↓ 2 log

0.2 mg/kg, TCID50 no change

Hamsters, PDI-222, Prophylactic

5 mg/kg, TCID50 ↓ 5 log

0.25 mg/kg, TCID50 ↓ < 1 log

[301]

85

C1207/RBD

B-cells (Human Naïve, mRNA vaccination)

N.D

PSV, after 5 months vaccination

WT, IC50 = 17.8 ng/ml

K417N, IC50 = 7.2 ng/m

N501Y, IC50 = 10.0 ng/ml

E484K/R683G, IC50 = 3.3 ng/ml

L525R/E484K/R683G, IC50 = 2.4 ng/ml

N.D

[302]

  1. Note 1: In vitro neutralization experiment refers to authentic (AV) or pseudotyped (PSV) SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay as indicated
  2. Note 2: In vivo experiment refers to the animal type, Ab injected amount, and observed prophylactic or treatment efficacy as indicated
  3. ↓, decrease after compared to the control group; ~ , roughly estimated; n-log, n × 10 times; AV authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus, CPE cytopathic effect, IC50 half-maximal inhibitory concentrations, IC100 100% inhibitory concentration, IFA immunofluorescence assays, N.D. not determined, NTD N-terminal domain, PFU plaque-forming unit, PSV SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, PRNT50 50% reduction of plaque neutralization test, qPCR real-quantitative polymerase change reaction, RBD receptor binding domain, RBM receptor binding motif, scFv single-chain fragment variable, TCID50 median tissue culture infectious dose; *Only listed representative Abs in indicated published papers