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Fig. 2 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Fig. 2

From: The ambiguous role of obesity in oncology by promoting cancer but boosting antitumor immunotherapy

Fig. 2

Biological mechanisms of obesity in cancer development and progression. Pathophysiological mechanisms regarding obesity effects upon cancer development and progression. The secretion of adipokines and release of free fatty acids by adipocytes induces several different systemic and cellular responses. The combination of metabolic alterations induced by the adipose tissue results in the activation of several signaling pathways responsible for cellular growth, proliferation, invasion, migration, inhibition of apoptosis, angiogenesis and induction of inflammation, all of which are hallmarks of cancer development

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