Fig. 5

Effect of Sp1-regulated PGE2 on FAO and TCA cycles. a RNA expression in paired glioblastoma specimens. b Expression of mRNA in Pt#3 and Pt#3-R cells determined via real-time PCR. c Cell lysates after treatment with PGE2 for four days based on Western blotting. d Percentage of FAO measured by performing Seahorse XF Mito Stress Tests. e After transfection with Sp1, PTGS2, or CPT1A siRNA for three days, mitochondrial activity of the TMZ-resistant U87MG-R and Pt#3-R was determined. f left panel: FAO metabolic pathway; right panel: wild type Pt#3 and TMZ-resistant Pt#3-R cells subjected to metabolomics analysis. g Pt#3 cells after treatment with PGE2 for four days based on targeted metabolomics analysis. The alteration of the levels of the different metabolites is illustrated using bar plots. Data were analysed by performing two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. h A172 and A172R cells after treatment with PGE2 for four days based on MitoPlate assay for 2 h. Data were analysed by performing two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test