Table 1 Bacteriophage and antibiotic combination in in vivo studies
From: Bacteriophages and antibiotic interactions in clinical practice: what we have learned so far
In vivo model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | Antibiotic | Bacterial strain | Phage | Effect | References |
BALB/c mice (intraperitoneally injection) | Gentamicin (0.8 mg/kg) | P. aeruginosa K (PAK) 107 CFU/ml injected intraperitoneally | P. aeruginosa Pf1 (filamentous) 3 × 1010 PFU | Synergy | Hagens et al. [75] |
BALB/c mice (intravenous injection—sepsis) | Clindamycin (8 mg/kg) | S. aureus MDRSA 108 CFU/ml injected intravenously | S. aureus (lytic) 108 PFU/ml MOI of 1 | Treatment with the phage was more effective than with clindamycin or combination treatment | Oduor et al. [77] |
Diabetic BALB/c mice (Hindpaw infection) | Linezolid (25 mg/kg) | S. aureus 43300 (MRSA) 104 CFU/10 µl | S. aureus MR-10 (lytic) 108 PFU/ml MOI of 100 | Synergy | Chhibber et al. [78] |
A murine air pouch model of infection | Linezolid 2.5 mg/kg | S. aureus ATCC 43300 MRSA 0.1 ml of 105 CFU/ml | S. aureus MR-5 0.1 ml of 106 PFU/ml | Synergy | Kaur and Chhibber [79] |
Mice dorsal wound model | Ceftazidime (CAZ) 410 mg/kg of CAZ at 5 µl/g | P. aeruginosa PAO1::lux 1 × 107 CFU | P. aeruginosa phage cocktail PAM2H 25 µl of 1 × 108 PFU | Synergy | Engeman et al. [37] |
Osteomyelitis model in rats | Teicoplanin 20 mg/kg/day | S. aureus 0.05 ml of 5 × 105 CFU/ml | S. aureus Sb-1 0.1 ml of 3 × 107 PFU | Synergy | Yilmaz et al. [80] |
Osteomyelitis model in rats | Imipenem + Cilastatin 120 mg/kg/day Amikacin 25 mg/kg/day | P. aeruginosa 0.05 ml of 5 × 105 CFU/ml | P. aeruginosa PAT14 0.1 ml of 3 × 107 PFU | Synergy | Yilmaz et al. [80] |
Mice with post arthroplasty model of infection | Linezolid 5% w/w mixed with Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) gel as the biopolymer | S. aureus MRSA 43300 10 µl of 106 CFU/ml | S. aureus MR-5 109 PFU/ml mixed with HPMC gel as the biopolymer | Synergy | Kaur et al. [81] |
BALB/c mice nasal infection | Mupirocin (5 mg/kg) | S. aureus 43300 (MRSA) 106 CFU/ml | S. aureus MR-10 (lytic) 50 µl of 107 PFU/ml | Synergy | Chhibber et al. [82] |
Colibacilosis in chicken | Enrofloxacin (50 ppm for 7 days) | E. coli 0.1 ml of 6 × 105 CFU/ml | E. coli phage cocktail DAF6 and SPR02 109 PFU/ml | Synergy | Huff et al. [83] |
Mice with acute pneumonia | Gentamicin 1.5 mg/kg | K. pneumoniae W-KP2 (K47 serotype) 1 × 109 CFU | K. pneumoniae P-KP2 1 × 109 PFU | Synergy | Wang et al. [84] |
Neutropenic mouse model of acute lung infection in mice | Ciprofloxacin 0.33 mg/mg | P. aeruginosa FADD1-PAOO1 25 µl of bacteria (approx. 106 cells) | Pseudomonas PEV20 106 PFU/mg | Synergy | Lin et al. [85] |
Methicillin-resistant pneumonia in rats | Linezolid 10 mg/kg | S. aureus AW7 1 × 1010 CFU | S. aureus phage cocktail 3 × 1010 PFU | Linezolid and aerophages did not synergize | Prazak et al. [86] |
Methicillin-resistant pneumonia in rats | Daptomycin 6 mg/kg | S. aureus AW7 1 × 1010 CFU | S. aureus phage cocktail 2 × 1010 PFU | Simultaneo-us treatment was not more effective than aerophage therapy | Valente et al. [87] |