Fig. 7From: The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on modulating innate immunity and strategies of combating inflammatory response for COVID-19 therapyNK cells induce apoptosis in both direct and indirect ways [126, 127]. MHC expression on cells helps NK cells to determine killing or not. Lysis starts when the activating receptor is greater than inhibiting receptor. No killing is started in the opposite situation. In the first scenario, it further causes caspase dependent and independent pathways, which lead to nuclear damage or non-nuclear damage apoptosis. NK cells, natural killer cells; MHC, major histocompatibility complex. (Created with BioRender.com.)Back to article page