Fig. 6From: The power of heteronemin in cancersSignal transduction pathways are induced by thyroxine and heteronemin in cancer cells. Thyroxine binds to cell surface integrin αvβ3 receptor to activate signal transduction pathways such as ERK1/2 and STAT3. Those signals play vital roles in gene expression involved in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. In addition, thyroxine suppresses pro-apoptotic gene expression and the activities of caspases. On the other hand, heteronemin suppresses ERK1/2 activation and increases ROS production. It inhibits the expression of proliferative genes. In addition, heteronemin activates the caspase signal pathwayBack to article page