Post-translational modifications on the retinoblastoma protein

Table 3 Summary of phosphorylation events in pRb with reported functional outcomes

Functional outcomes	Phosphorylated sites	Kinases	References
Impede pRb interaction with LXCXE motif containing proteins	T821/T826	CDK2 and CDK4	[10, 81, 82]
Hinder pRb–E2F^TD binding and/or pRb–E2F^MB–DP^MB binding	S608/S612 and T356/T373	Unknown	[83, 84]
Hinder pRb–E2F^TD binding and/or pRb–E2F^MB–DP^MB binding	S788/S795 and S807/S811	Unknown	[10, 85]
Promote G0 exit and G1 entry	S807/S811	p38γ MAPK	[88]
Promote G0 exit and G1 entry	S807/S811	CDK3	[87]
Abrogate pRb growth suppression activity and promote cell cycle progression	S780	CDK4	[94]
	S795	CDK4	[93]
	S567	CDK2	[95]
	S807/S811	CDK5	[96]
	S780, S795 and S807/S811	CDK4	[97]
	S608	Raf-1	[98, 99]
	S807/S811, S780 and T821/T826	p38γ MAPK	[88]
	S780, S807/S811 and T821	UL97	[100]
Delay S phase progression	S612	BGLF4 kinase	[101]
Transit G2/M phase or exit cell cycle	S804	AMPK	[102]
Increase E2F transcriptional activities and trigger cell death	S795	CDK4/6	[103, 104]
	S780, S795 and S807/S811	CDK5	[105]
	S780	p38 MAPK	[106]
	S567	p38 MAPK	[107]
	T821	SAPK/JNK	[108]
Promote cell survival	S249/T252	p38α MAPK	[109]
	Y805	Abl	[110]
	S612	Chk1/2	[111]
	S807	Unknown	[177]
Hinder pRb and HDAC5 interaction	S249/T252 and T821	CDK4/6 and CDK2	[112]
Promote cancer immunity	S249/T252	CDK4/6	[113]
Enhance chromatin decondensation	S838/T841	p38 MAPK	[114]
Promote pRb–E2F1 binding to negatively modulate endoreduplication and avoid polyploidy formation	S780	Aurora B kinase	[115]
Suppress tumourigenesis	T821	CDK4/6	[176]

ISSN: 1423-0127