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Table 3 3D scaffold-based strategies for SG tissue engineering

From: Bioengineering in salivary gland regeneration

Material

Fabrication

Cell/tissue

DCa; ACb

Evaluated markers/proteins

Evaluated/obtained SG compartment

Refs.

A

D

M

V

N

 

HA, PlnDIV

Photo CL

hPECsa,b

AC marker: α-amylase

CP marker: ZO-1

✓

    

[72]

HA

Thiol/acrylate CL

hPG

AC

SC marker: CD44, CD168

✓

    

[216]

HA

Thiol/acrylate CL

hPG

AC

AC marker: α-amylase, β1 adrenergic, β2 adrenergic, M3 muscarinic

CP markers: β-catenin, Claudin-1, E-cadherin, ZO-1

✓

    

[13]

HA

Thiol/acrylate CL

hS/PCs

DC marker: KRT5

MC marker: KRT14

CP markers: β-catenin, F-actin, Occludin

ECM markers: collagen IV, laminin

SC markers: CD44, KRT5, KRT14

✓

    

[26]

HA, BM peptides

Thiol/acrylate CL

hS/PCs

AC markers: α-amylase, AQP5, HTN1, MIST1, MUC7, PIP, PSP, STATH

DC markers: KRT5, KRT19, TFCP2L1

MC marker: KRT14

SC markers: c-Kit, ETV4, ETV5, KRT5, KRT14, MYC

✓

✓

   

[111]

HA, Peptides

Mold casting, photo CL

hS/PCs

AC markers: α-amylase

DC marker: KRT5, KRT19

MC marker: KRT14, SMA

CA markers: integrin α1, integrin α5, integrin β1, integrin β4

ECM markers: fibronectin; laminin

SC markers: KRT5, KRT14

✓

✓

✓

  

[217]

HA, RGDSP

Thiol/acrylate CL

hS/PCs

AC markers: α-amylase, NKCC1

DC markers: KRT7, KRT19, TFCP2L1

CP markers: β-catenin; F-actin

CA markers: CTGF, CYR61, GDF-15, SERPINE1, TGF-ß1, YAP,

ECM markers: fibronectin, laminin

SC markers: IGF2, KRT5, KRT14

✓

✓

   

[218]

Fibrin, GFRMG

Solidification, CL

mPGa,b, Par-C10b

AC marker: α-amylase

CP markers: F-actin, ZO-1

✓

    

[117]

PEG, peptide

Thiol/acrylate CL

mSMGa,b

AC marker: Mist1, NKCC1

DC marker: KRT5

SC marker: KRT5

✓

✓

   

[104]

PEG, MMP-degradable peptide

Thiol-ene polymerization

mSMGa,b

AC markers: AQP5, IP3R3, MIST1, NKCC1, PIP

DC marker: KRT5

CP marker: ZO-1

ECM markers: Collagen IV, Laminin

SC marker: KRT5

✓

✓

✓

  

[27]

PEG, MMP-degradable peptide

Photo CL, Microbubble technology

mSMGa,b

hPECa,b

AC markers: α-amylase, AQP5, Cst3, Cst10, IP3R3, Lyz2, MIST1, M3R, Muc5b, NKCC1, PIP, P2X7, P2Y2; Smr3a

DC markers: KRT5, KRT7

MC marker: SMA

CP markers: ZO-1

SC markers: KRT5

✓

✓

   

[219]

SF

Casting method lyophilization

rSGECs (SMG, PG)

AC marker: α-amylase

ECM marker: collagen IV

✓

 

✓

  

[182]

PLL, Au3+/Fe3+ magnetic NPs

Magnetic 3D Bioprinting

hDPSC

AC markers: α-amylase, AQP5

DC marker: KRT5

MC marker: KRT14

SC markers: CD24, CD29, CD90, C-kit, KRT5, KRT14, SOX2

NC marker: ß-tubulin

✓

✓

✓

 

✓

[22]

dECM

Freeze drying

rSGSCs

AC markers: α-amylase

DC marker: KRT5, KRT18

CP markers: Claudin-1, Claudin-3, E-cadherin,

SC markers: CD44 c-Kit, c-Met, KRT5

✓

✓

   

[220]

  1. AC acinar cells, BM basement membrane, c-Met met proto oncogene, CA cell attachment, CP cell polarization, CL crosslinking, D ductal, DC ductal cell, dECM decellularized extracellular matrix, ECM extracellular matrix, GFRMG growth factor reduced Matrigel, HA hyaluronic acid, hDPSc human dental pulp stem cell, hPECs human parotid epithelial cells, hPG human parotid gland, hS/PCs primary salivary human stem/progenitor cells, mPG mouse primary parotid gland cells, M myoepithelial, MC myoepithelial cell, N neuronal, NC neuronal cell, NP nanoparticles, NS-SV-AC immortalized acinar cell from human salivary gland, Par-C10 immortalized rat parotid gland acinar epithelial cell line, PG parotid gland, PLL poly l-lysin, RGDSP integrin-binding peptide, PlnDIV peptide derived from domain IV of perlecan, rSGECs rat primary salivary gland epithelial cells, rSGSCs rat SG stem/progenitor cells, SF silk fibroin, SG salivary gland, SC stem cell, SMG submandibular salivary gland, V vascular