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Fig. 1 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Fig. 1

From: Hepatitis B virus virion secretion is a CRM1-spike-mediated late event

Fig. 1

Lack of HBc secretion of an HBc double mutant L65A/V89A in human hepatocytes and insect cells. A A cartoon illustration of secreted HBV particles, including virions, naked capsids, and HBsAg particles. Left panel: genome-containing and genome-free empty virions contain both surface antigen and core proteins; middle panel: genome-containing and genome-free naked capsids contain no surface antigens; right panel: HBV surface antigen particles contain no core protein. B Upper panel: Two CRM1-dependent nuclear export signals (HBc NESCRM1-I and NESCRM1-II) were mapped to the tip of the spike of HBc particles [29]. The double mutations L65A/V89A at NES I + II are shown in red color. Lower panel: No secreted naked capsids were detected by ELISA in the media of Sf9 insect cells transfected with an HBc mutant L65A/V89A expression vector (left panel). Nor can any naked capsids be detected in the media of HuH-7 human hepatocytes transfected with an HBV replicon (right panel). The ELISA values were calculated from three independent repeat experiments. WT: wild type HBV. Mock: un-transfected cells

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