Fig. 1

Three fundamental vesicular secretion processes for intercellular communication in TME. A Rab GTPases are the key coordinator of membrane trafficking to transport cytokines, chemokines and plasma membrane proteins via the conventional endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus route. B EV, an unconventional protein secretion approach, functions as the critical mediator of intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange a variety of bioactive molecules. C Autophagic molecular machinery has recently been recognized as a novel unconventional protein secretion that plays a part in the molecular symphony being played in TME