Fig. 5

Deficiency of TRIM18 protects mice from brain damage induced by DNA virus HSV-1 in vivo. a Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-staining of brain sections from Trim18^+/+ (WT) and Trim18^−/− (KO) mice left infected (Mock) or infected for 4 days by intravenous infection of HSV-1 (1 × 10⁷ PFU per mouse). Scale bars represent 1000 μm for original images and 200 µm for enlarged images. b Histology score analysis of viral encephalitis in brain sections from mice as in (a). c Survival of WT and KO mice (n = 10 per group) after intravenous injection of HSV-1 (1 × 10⁷ PFU per mouse). d Viral titers in homogenates of brains from WT and KO mice (n = 5 per group) after intravenous injection of HSV-1 (1 × 10⁷ PFU per mouse). e, f, ELISA of IFN-α e and IFN-β f in serum obtained from WT and KO mice (n = 5 per group) at 12 h after intravenous injection of HSV-1. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean for results in (b, d–f). NS, not significant (p > 0.05), **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, and p value was calculated by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test and Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test for survival analysis. Data are representative of three independent experiments.