Fig. 6

Oligo-Fucoidan combined with olaparib therapy better prevent TNBC aggressiveness than olaparib alone. A The trajectories of 4T1 cell migration were analyzed and compared after olaparib (50 μM) and/or Oligo-Fucoidan (400 μg/ml) treatment for 48 h (n = 20). B–E 4T1 cells (1 × 10⁴) were orthotopically inoculated into BALB/c mice, and the primary breast tumors were surgically removed at week 2 followed by olaparib (50 mg/kg) treatment via i.p. injection twice per week for 2 weeks or combined with Fucoidan (150 mg/kg) by oral feeding twice per week for 5 weeks (n = 6). PBS was used as the control treatment (n = 5). The volumes of primary mammary tumors and the recurred breast tumors in response to the indicated treatments were examined (B). At the endpoints of the indicated treatments (week 7), the recurrent tumor loads (C) and plasma IL-6 levels (D) were measured. The incidences of postsurgical mammary tumor relapse and distant metastasis indicated the therapeutic efficacies (E). The data are presented as the means ± S.E.M. One-way ANOVA and Newman–Keuls test were used to analyze the data