Table 2 Summary of all articles in the literature of stem cells in relation to alopecia

hUCB-MSCs

In-vitro

55

–

VEGF-related β-catenin and p-GSK-3β [SER9] signaling pathway

↑ Viability in DPCs

↑ hair density, thickness, and growth rate

Oh et al

[57]

ASCs

In-vitro (Human DPCs)

–

–

–

Telogen-to-anagen transition

Upregulation growth factors

Choi et al

[58]

MSCs

In-vitro

–

Alopecia Areata

Wnt/ β-Catenin pathway

Phosphorylation of JAK1 to 3, STAT1, and STAT3

↑ Viability of Human Outer root sheath cells (h-ORSCs)

Lee et al

[59]

Exosomes from ADSCs

In-vitro

–

–

↑ Expression of ALP, versican and α-SMA proteins

↑ DPC proliferation

Nilforoushzadeh et al

[60]

MSC-EVs

In-vivo (C57BL/6 mice)

Invitro

17 mice

↑ Bcl-2, phosphorylated Akt and ERK

↑ telogen to anagen

↑expression of wnt3a, wnt5a and versican

↑ DP cell proliferation

Rajendran et al

[61]

ADSC-Exos

In vitro

In vivo (C57BL/6 hair-depilated mouse)

15 mice

Immune-Mediated Alopecia

regulating miR-22

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

TNF-α signaling pathway

Hair regrowth

Li et al

[51]

hUCB-MSCs

In-vivo (C3H/HeJ mice)

Invitro

Paracrine mechanism

Hair growth

Bak et al

[37]

HF-MSCs

In vitro

In vivo: (C3H/HeJ AA)

AA

↓ Hair loss

↓Inflammation around HF

Deng et al

[62]

NSC

(TGF-b)

In-vivo (Animal C57BL/6 mice)

20

↑ Keratinocytes and DPCs

↑ Hair shaft length and growth rate

Hwang et al

[63]

ADSC

In-vivo

(Animal model- C₃H/NeH mice)

21

↑ Anagen phase

↑ Hair regeneration, ↑proliferation of hDPCs

Park et al

[64]

ADSCs

In-vivo (Animal model- C57BL/6 J mice)

37

Wnt/β-catenin pathway

↑Hair growth

↑Telogen-to-anagen transition

↑Proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression

Li et al

[65]

ADSCs

In-vivo (Animal model- C57BL/6 J mice)

37

Wnt/β-catenin pathway

↑Hair growth ↑Telogen-to-anagen transition ↑Proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression

Li et al

[65]

dental pulp stem cells

Invivo

(C3H/HeN female mice)

20

↑ Anagen-staged hair follicles

↓ Number of telogen staged hair follicles

Gunawardena et al

[66]

hESCs

In vivo

(NUDE mice)

Hair growth

Gnedeva et al

[67]

iPSCs

In-vivo (nude mice)

–

–

–

Unlimited source of folliculogenic cells

Pinto and Terskikh

[68]

ADSC

In-vivo (Human)

1000

–

–

↑ Total number hair shafts

Fukuoka et al

[69]

ADSCs

In-vivo (Human)

22

alopecia

–

↑ Hair number

Fukuoka and Suga

[70]

HF-MSCs (FGF-7)

In-vivo

(Human)

21

AGA

ERK activation

Wnt signaling pathway

↑ Hair density

↑ Anagen phase

Gentile et al

[71]

HFSCs

In-vivo

(Human)

11

AGA

–

↑Hair follicle number and hair density

Gentile et al

[72]

MSCs

In vivo (Human)

4

Alopecia Areata

–

Hair regrowth

Czarnecka et al

[73]

autologous SCs

In vivo (Human)

40

AA and AGA

–

Hair growth

Elmaadawi et al

[74]

stem cell educator therapy

In vivo

(Human)

9

AA

–

↑ Hair growth and quality of life

Yanjia Li et al

[75]