Fig. 5

Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum additively enhances CRC cell migration and invasion. A–C Migration and D–F invasion assays were performed on CRC cells cultured with Prevotella intermedia (PI), Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), PI plus FN (PI + FN), or nontoxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) at an MOI of 100. Cells treated with PBS served as untreated controls, and NTBF served as a negative control. The relative percentage of migrated and invaded cells is presented as mean ± standard deviation. Data were obtained from three independent experiments. *P value < 0.05; ****P value < 0.0001; ns not significant