Fig. 1

A PCA plots (left) and Venn diagrams (right) of global metabolic changes in response to no treatment (CTRL) or treatment with polymyxin B (PB) or rifampicin (RIF) alone, and in combination (COMBO), at (i) 0.25 h, (ii) 1 h, (iii) 4 h and (iv) 24 h. B (i) PCA plot and Venn diagrams of gene expression changes at (ii) 1 h and (iii) 24 h. The numbers in brackets represent the metabolites or genes that were significantly changed (up- and down-regulated). Significantly changed metabolites and genes were identified with > 1.0 and < − 1.0 log₂FC and FDR ≤ 0.05