Fig. 1

Modulations of urinary sphingolipid levels during the time course of COVID-19. The urinary sphingolipid levels were measured longitudinally in symptomatic COVID-19 subjects (n = 91). The significance of the Steel–Dwass test followed by the Kruskal–Wallis test for analyses of healthy subjects and the maximum severity groups (defined in the Methods) is shown as *p < .05, **p < .01, or ***p < .001 for comparisons with healthy subjects or between maximum severity groups. The ranges for the control subjects (n = 95) are shown as the 95% confidence interval (CI), while those for the maximum severity groups are shown as the mean ± SEM