Fig. 8

Mechanisms of the oleuropein-mediated suppression of endometriosis. ERβ enhances proliferation, prevents apoptosis, and increases cytokine signaling in ectopic lesions to improve endometriosis [30]. However, oleuropein treatment effectively suppresses ERβ-induced endometriosis-driving cellular pathways in ectopic lesions to suppress endometriosis progression. Furthermore, ERβ overexpression impairs the decidualization processes of the endometrium of mice with endometriosis [30]. Therefore, oleuropein treatment suppresses ERβ function in the endometrium to improve the fertility of mice with endometriosis by rescuing the defect of decidualization of the endometrium