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Fig. 2 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Fig. 2

From: Downregulation of the RNA-binding protein PUM2 facilitates MSC-driven bone regeneration and prevents OVX-induced bone loss

Fig. 2

Transplantation of MSCs with PUM-KD enhances in vivo bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model. A The calvarial defect sites of the NC and PUM2 siRNA groups at 8 weeks post-transplantation of the siRNA-transfected MSCs mixed with fibrin glue (n = 8 for each group). B µCT images show bone regeneration at calvarial defect sites 8 weeks after the implantation of NC or PUM2 siRNA-transfected MSCs mixed with fibrin glue (n = 8 for each group). C The graph shows the regenerated bone volume per mm2 (n = 8 for each group). *P < 0.05 compared with NC. P-values were calculated using ANOVA. Results are expressed as the mean and the error bars denote standard deviation. µCT, microcomputed tomography. D, E Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe new bone formation. The arrowheads show the edges of the host bone and line with asterisks and arrows indicates newly regenerated bone. Scale bar = 300 μm. The graph shows new bone formation normalized to defect area (n = 8 for each group). *P < 0.05 compared with NC. F To confirm whether the newly regenerated bone tissues were derived from a human origin, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using antibodies specific to human vimentin. Brown tissue represents tissue derived from a human origin (n = 8 for each group). Scale bar = 20 μm. G, H To confirm whether the transplanted MSCs contributed to new bone formation of calvarial defects, IHC was performed using antibodies against OPN and OCN, as well as antibodies specific to human vimentin. The nuclei were stained with DAPI, and human vimentin was stained with FITC-conjugated secondary antibody. OPN and OCN were stained with phycoerythrin (PE, red)-conjugated secondary antibody (n = 8 for each group). Scale bar = 50 μm

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