Figure 2

Currently known connections between TGA-techniques and mammalian repair pathways. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs, blue lines) function via homology-directed repair with the potential involvement of mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair pathways. Single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ssODNs, red lines) are believed to function via the nucleotide excision repair pathway with base excision repair potentially also playing a role. Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs, green lines) function via the nucleotide excision repair pathway with the possible participation of mismatch repair as well as non-homologous end-joining. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs, brown lines) involve homology-directed repair and potentially also mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair. Small DNA fragments (SDFs, purple line) are known to function via small fragment homologous recombination. See text for further details and references. Fully drawn lines refer to connections supported by experimental evidence from several groups whereas dotted lines refer to less substantiated links.