Immunomodulatory properties of human adult and fetal multipotent mesenchymal stem cells

Table 1 Human BMMSC-Derived Immunoregulatory Soluble Factors

Leukocyte	Effects	Soluble Factors	References
T cells	Inhibition of T-cell proliferation, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity	IL-1β	[77]
		TGF-β1	[19, 71, 77]
		HGF	[19]
		PGE₂	[58, 71, 78, 79]
		IDO	[59, 79–81]
		HO-1	[82]
		LIF	[83]
		IGF	[84]
		HLA-G5/ other HLA-G	[74, 83]
		Galectin-1	[87]
	Apoptosis of activated T-cells	IDO	[81]
	Generation of CD4⁺ CD25^high Foxp3⁺ Tregs	HLA-G5	[74]
		CCL1 (I-309)	[75]
		LIF	[83]
DCs	Inhibition of DC maturation	M-CSF	[98]
NKs	Inhibition of NK cell proliferation, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity	TGF-β	[118]
		IDO	[59, 119]
		HLA-G5	[74]
		PGE₂	[59, 118, 119]

Abbreviations: DCs, dendritic cells; NKs, natural killer lymphocytes; Tregs, T regulatory lymphocytes; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; PGE₂, prostaglandin E₂; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; HLA-G5, human leukocyte antigen G5; CCL1, CC chemokine ligand 1; M-CSF, macrophage-colony-stimulating factor.

ISSN: 1423-0127