Table 1 Possible therapeutic effects of the Chinese medicine formulations in COVID-19 treatment

Jing Si Herbal Tea

Artemisia argyi (21.28%)

Anisomeles indica (21.28%)

Houttuynia cordata (14.18%)

Platycodon grandifloras (14.18%)

Ophiopogon japonicus (14.18%)

Perilla frutescens (7.09%)

Glycyrrhiza glabra (7.09%)

Chrysanthemum morifolium (0.71%)

Patients (n = 117) had lower risks of intubation, Medisave Care Unit admission, and mortality

Antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antithrombotic activity

[40]

Jing Guan Fang

Forsythia suspensa (30.3%)

Scutellaria baicalensis (24.2%)

Bupleurum Chinese (18.2%)

Magnolia officinalis (18.2%)

Agastache rugose (9.0%)

Patients (n = 151) who received NRICM101 plus usual care did not reach the study endpoint during the 30-day observation period

–

[41]

NRICM101

Scutellaria baicalensis (13.88%)

Houttuynia cordata (13.88%)

Trichosanthes kirilowii (13.88%)

Isatis indigotica (13.88%)

Morus alba (8.33%)

Magnolia officinalis (8.33%)

Mentha haplocalyx (8.33%)

Nepeta tenuifolia (8.33%)

Saposhnikovia divaricate (5.55%)

Glycyrrhiza glabra (5.55%)

Patients (n = 12) achieved 3 consecutive negative results within a median of 9 days and reported no adverse events

Inhibited the spike protein/ACE2 interaction, 3CL protease activity; antiviral, anti-inflammatory activity

[13]

NRICM102

Houttuynia cordata (23.25%)

Scutellaria baicalensis (11.62%)

Trichosanthes kirilowii (11.62%)

Artemisia scoparia (11.62%)

Wolfiporia extensa (11.62%)

Magnolia officinalis (6.97%)

Polygonatum odoratum (6.97%)

Pinellia ternata (6.97%)

Glycyrrhiza glabra (4.65%)

Aconitum carmichaelii (4.65%)

Patients (n = 123) who received NRICM102 plus usual care were 74.07% less likely to die than non-users

Disrupted spike protein/ACE2 interaction, 3CL protease activity; anti-inflammatory activity; regulated TLRs, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and NET signaling pathways

[15]

–