Table 1 List of commercially available PCR-based assays for detection of fungi
From: Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections: challenges and recent developments
Commercial PCR and manufacturer | Target species detected | Assay method | Target and specimen used | Assay time | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magicplex Sepsis Real eTime Test (Seegne) | - Aspergillus fumigatus | Multiplex real time PCR | Unknow; Whole blood | 6Â h (including DNA extraction) | Camp et al. [142] |
A. fumigatus Bio-Evolution (Bio-Evolution) | - Aspergillus fumigatus | Real time PCR | ITS1 region; BAL | < 80 min after DNA extraction | Denis et al. [143] |
MycAssay Aspergillus (Myconostica) | Eighteen Aspergillus species - Aspergillus fumigatus - Aspergillus flavus - Aspergillus terreus - Aspergillus niger | Real-time PCR | 18S rDNA; BAL and Serum | 4Â h | Guniea et al. [144] |
AsperGenius® (PathoNostics) | - Aspergillus fumigatus - Aspergillus terreus | Multiplex real-time PCR | 28 S rRNA; BAL, Serum, Plasma, Biopsy tissue |  < 3 h | Chong et al. [145] |
Aspergillus spp. ELITe MGB® Kit (ELITechGroup) | - Aspergillus niger - Aspergillus nidulans - Aspergilus terreus - Aspergillus flavus - Aspergillus versicolor - Aspergillus glaucus | Quantitative real-time PCR | 18S rDNA; Bronchial secretions, BAL | Not available (NA) | Grancini et al. [146] |
MycoReal Aspergillus (Ingenetix) | - Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus flavus - Aspergillus nidulans - Aspergillus niger - Aspergillus terreus | Real-time PCR | ITS2 region; BAL, Blood, CSF, Tissue | NA | |
MycoGENIE® Aspergillus Species | Aspergillus spp. including: A. fumigatus | Quadruplex real-time PCR | 28 S rRNA; BAL, serum Biopsy | NA | Dannaoui et al. [149] |
Magicplex Sepsis Real eTime Test (Seegne) | -Aspergillus fumigatus - Candida albicans - Candida glabrata - Candida Krusei - Candida parapsilosis - Candida tropicalis | Multiplex real-time PCR | Unknown; Whole blood | 6Â h | Zboromyrska et al. [150] |
FungiPlex Candida (Bruker Daltonics) | Candida albicans - Candida parapsilosis - Candida dubliniensis - Candida tropicalis - Candida glabrata - Candida krusei | Multiplex real-time PCR | Unknown; Whole blood, serum, plasma |  < 2 h (after DNA extraction) | Fuchs et al. 2019 [151] |
FilmArray Blood Culture Identification (BCID) Panel | C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis | Multiplex real-time PCR assay | Unknown; whole blood | 1Â h | Salimnia et al. [152] |
SeptiFast LightCycler (Roche) | -Candida albicans - Candida tropicalis - Candida parapsilosis - Candida Krusei - Candida glabrata - Aspergillus fumigatus | Multiplex Real-time PCR (DNA melt curve analysis) | ITS region; Whole blood | 6–7 h | Steinmann et al. [153] |
CandID® and AurisID® (OlmDiagnostics | CandID: - Candida albicans - Candida dubliniensis - Candida glabrata - Candida krusei - Candida parapsilosis - Candida tropicalis AurisID: - Candida auris | Multiplex real-time PCR | Unknown; Plasma (CandID) and Blood (AurisID) | 45 min (after DNA extraction) | Camp et al. [142] |
T2 Candida | C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. glabrata | PCR along with Magnetic resonance | Unknown; Whole blood | < 5 h | Clancy and Nguyen [100] |
PneumoGenius (PathoNostics) | Pneumocystis jiorovecii | Real-time PCR | Mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit (rLSU) & dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene mutations; BAL | < 3 h | Prattes et al. [154] |
AmpliSens Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)-FRT (AmpliSens) | Pneumocystis jiorovecii | Real-time PCR | Mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal(rLSU) RNA gene; BAL, bronchial aspiration, biopsy | 130Â min (after DNA extraction) | Huh et al. [155] |
Pneumocystis jiorovecii Bio-Evolution (Bio- Evolution) | Pneumocystis jiorovecii | Real-time PCR | Unknown; Bal and Bronchial aspirations | < 80 min | Huh et al. [155] |
MucorGenius® (PathoNostics) | -Rhizopus spp. - Mucor spp. - Lichtheimia spp. - Cunninghamella spp. - Rhizomucor spp. | Real-time PCR | Unknown; BAL, tissue biopsy, serum | < 3 h | Guegan et al. [120] |
FungiXpert® PCR (Genobio) | Crytptococcus neoformans | Real-time PCR | Unknown; BAL | 2 h | Liu et al. [86] |