Fig. 1
From: Brain alarm by self-extracellular nucleic acids: from neuroinflammation to neurodegeneration
Signaling pathways induced by DAMPs/PAMPs and nucleic acids in the brain. AIM2: Absent in melanoma 2; cGAS: cyclic GMP/AMP (cGAMP) synthase; DAMPs: danger-associated molecular patterns; EV: extracellular vesicle; IRAK: IL-1 receptor-associated kinase; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; LGP2: Laboratory of genetics and physiology 2; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein; MDA5: melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5; MyD88: myeloid differentiation factor 88; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa B; NLR: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3; PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end-products; RIG-1: retinoic acid-inducible gene-1; SENAs: self-extracellular nucleic acids; STING: stimulator of interferon genes; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TRIF: TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon beta; TBK1: TANK-binding kinase