Fig. 4

Osmotin regulates the phosphorylation of MAPK and neuroinflammation in MPTP/NSE-hαSyn Tg PD mice. a Immunoblot results of p-p38, p38, p-ERK, ERK, p-JNK, and JNK in the SNpc of MPTP-induced mice (n = 6, biologically independent animals). b, c Immunoblot results of p-ERK, ERK, p-JNK, JNK, p-p38, and p38 in the striatum and SNpc of NSE-hαSyn Tg mice (n = 6, biologically independent animals). d, e Immunoblot results of GFAP and Iba-1 levels in the striatum and SNpc of MPTP-induced mice (n = 6, biologically independent animals). g Representative graphs showing ROS levels in the striatum and SNpc of MPTP-induced mice. h Immunoblot results of iNOS and COX-2 expression in the SNpc of the MPTP-induced mice (n = 6, biologically independent animals). f, i Immunoblot results of GFAP and Iba-1 levels in the striatum and SNpc of NSE-hαSyn Tg mice (n = 6, biologically independent animals). j Representative graphs showing ROS levels in the striatum and SNpc of NSE-hαSyn Tg mice. k, l Representative immunofluorescent images of GFAP in the striatum expression and SNpc of MPTP-induced mice (n = 6, biologically independent animals). Scale bar represents 100 μm. m, n Representative immunofluorescent images of GFAP and Iba-1 levels in the SNpc of NSE-hαSyn Tg mice (n = 6 biologically independent animals). Scale bar represents 100 μm. The data are presented as the mean ± SD and are representative of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Significance was determined by using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction; ^#Comparison between control and MPTP/NSE-hαSyn Tg mice, *Comparison between MPTP/NSE-hαSyn Tg mice and osmotin-administered mice. ^#/*p < 0.05, ^##/**p < 0.01, and ^###/***p < 0.001