Fig. 2

In-vitro 2D hyaluronic acid (HA) and human platelet-rich plasma (hPRP) promote cell activity and anti-inflammatory effects of rat TMJ chondrocyte. Optimal concentration of (A) HA and (B) hPRP dosage in rat TMJ chondrocytes that were analyzed using the MTT assay. C The effect of HA and PRP on the cell numbers and morphological changes (200 ×) of rat TMJ chondrocytes after 2-day treatment with IL1β + TNF-α (I + T)-conditioned medium. I (10 ng/mL) + T (20 ng/mL) were added to the medium to create an in-vitro proinflammatory cytokine-induced arthritic cell model. Real-time PCR analyses of monolayer cultures of rat TMJ chondrocytes after 2-day treatment with I + T-conditioned medium. The results revealed that the combination of HA and hPRP (D) significantly increased cartilage-specific gene expression, including SOX9, collagen type I (Col-I), collagen type II (Col-II), and aggrecan, and E significantly inhibited I + T stimulated inflammatory genes including IL-1β, COX2, MMP-3, and MMP-13. F Immunocytochemistry of Col-II (black arrow indicates presence of Col-II) and its quantification (upper panel) and Alcian blue stain and its quantification (lower panel). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with I + T and control group using paired t test. The results are shown as mean ± SD for three replicate