Fig. 7

Remodeling of ECM mechanism by exosomal miRNA. The primary tumor cells release exosomes which were taken up by the normal fibroblasts (NFs) receptors, wherein the exosomal miR-124 derived ovarian cancer, miR-27B-3P, miR-214-3P derived myeloma, and miR-27a derived gastric cancer target the proteins (SPHK1, FBXW7, CSRP2), while miR-10b derived colorectal cancer inhibits PIK3CA leading to activation of fibroblast to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) by increasing the expression of α-SMA, and FAP and regulates CAFs migration and invasion. miR-155 derived melanoma inhibits SOCS1and promote activation of FGF2, VEGFA, MMP9 in CAFs. miR-21 derived HCC decrease PTEN leading to activation of PDK1/AKT signaling pathway and increasing expression of VEGF, MMP2, MMP9, βFGF and TGF-β in CAFs, promoting angiogenesis. Exosomal miRNA-derived breast cancer such as miR-9 activates NFs to CAFs by increasing MMP1, EFEMP1, COL1A1, and miR-105 inducing metabolic reprogramming of CAFs by activating MYC signal