Table 1 The role of exosomal miRNAs mediating signal transduction between immune cells
MiRNAs | The source of miRNAs | The effect of miRNAs |
|---|---|---|
miR-155 miR-146a miR-148a miR-451 | DCs | Modify the target genes SHIP1, BACH1, Traf6, and IRAK-1 on DCs [38] |
miRNA-155 | Tumor cell | Cause antigen triggering [40] |
miR-21-5p miR-223-3p | MSCs | Reduce migration and prevent maturation of DCs [42] |
miR-let7 | MSCs | Decrease the macrophage infiltration in the plaque [46] |
miR-155 | M1 | Reduces the MSC osteogenic differentiation [47] |
miR-378 | M2 | Increase MSC osteoinductive gene expression [47] |
miR-21-5p | M | Enhance fibrogenesis in tendons [48] |
miR-222 | Breast cancer cell | Macrophage polarization to M2 and tumor progression [158] |
miR-23a | HCC | Suppress T-cell function, and increase phosphorylated AKT and PD-L1 expression in macrophages [53] |
miRNA-335 | T cells | Downregulates translation of SOX-4 mRNA in APCs [62] |
mmu-miR-20a-5p mmu-miR-25-3p mmu-miR-155-3p | T cells | Causes modulation of mRNA targets in B cells [63] |
miR-142-3p miR-142-5p miR-155 | T cells | Induce apoptosis of B cells in type 1 diabetes [64] |
Let-7d | Tregs | Decrease INF-γ level produced by Th1 [65] |
miR-150-5p miR-142-3P | Tregs | Causes tolerogenic phenotype of DCs, with increased IL-10 and reduced [67] |
hsa-miR-7-5P | Sepsis exosomes | Has an antiapoptotic effect on T lymphocytes [68] |
hsa-miR-24-3p hsa-miR-891a hsa-miR-106a-5p hsa-miR-20a-5p hsa-miR-1908 | NPC | Mediate T-cell dysfunction [69] |
miR-125a-3p | MSCs | Suppress the differentiation of effector T cells [42] |
miR-10b-5p miR-92a-3p miR-155-5p | NKs | Th1 polarization and IFN-γ and IL-2 production [70] |
miR-122 let-7b miR-206 | Hepatocyte | Upregulate BAFF expression in macrophages [73] |
miRNA-223 | Mast cell | Increase the permeability of intestinal epithelial [74] |
miR-409-3P | Mast cell | Causes of microglial migration [75] |
miR-490 | Mast cell | Inhibit tumor metastasis in HCC [76] |
miR-142-3p | Neutrophil | Down-regulates PKCα in macrophages [85] |
miR-4466 | Nicotine-induced N2-neutrophil | Promotes tumor cell metabolic switching [86] |
hsa-miR-218-5p hsa-miR-144-3p | Neutrophil | Differentiate between anti-scl70 (-) and anti-scl70 ( +) groups [87] |
miR-122-5p | Neutrophil | Increase the permeability of BMECs [88] |
miR-30d-5p | Neutrophil | Induce macrophage M1 polarization and primed macrophage pyroptosis [89] |
miR-223 | Neutrophil | Suppress the inflammasome activation and the canonical NF-κB pathway [90] |