Fig. 1

Increased apoptosis, autophagy and NETs formation in SLE-associated AH lung tissues. a From top to low, representative histopathology from a PTX control and AH patients from SLE, IgAV and AAV. In PTX, normal alveoli. In SLE, AH with blood in alveoli. In IgAV, AH with interstitial lymphoplasmatic cells and fibrosis. In AAV, AH with fibroblastic plugs in alveoli and alveolar ducts. H&E staining, scale bar = 100 µm and magnification ×100. b From top to low, representative TUNEL IF staining (green) from a PTX control and AH patients from SLE, IgAV and AAV. Cell nuclei counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 25 µm, magnification ×400. c From top to low, representative CitH3 IF staining (green) from a PTX control and AH patients from SLE, IgAV and AAV. Cell nuclei counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (blue). Scale bar = 12.5 µm, magnification ×800. d From top to low, representative LC3 IF staining (green) from a PTX control and AH patients from SLE, IgAV and AAV. Arrows pointing cells with positive cytoplasmic LC3 staining. Cell nuclei counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (blue). Scale bar = 10 µm, magnification ×1000 for SLE. Scale bar = 12.5 µm, magnification ×800 for PTX, IgAV and AAV