Fig. 9

AH enhanced by intra-pulmonary SNHG16 delivery through increasing cell death processes in pristane-injected mice. a Left, representative gross and histopathological photographs in the mouse lungs with no, partial and complete hemorrhage. Scale bar = 100 µm, magnification ×100. Right, hemorrhagic frequencies in pristane-injected mice receiving intra-pulmonary delivery of SFFV or SFFV-SNHG16 on day 14. b RBC numbers, Hb levels and Hct on day 14 in mice receiving delivery of SFFV or SFFV-SNHG16. c Anti-RNP titers on day 14 in serum samples from SFFV- or SFFV-SNHG16-treated mice. d Left, pulmonary and right, splenic SNHG16 levels on day 14 from mice receiving delivery of SFFV or SFFV-SNHG16. e Left, representative TUNEL IF staining (green) in lung tissues from SFFV‑ or SFFV-SNHG16‑treated mice. Scale bar = 20 µm, magnification ×400. Right, quantification of TUNEL‑positive cell numbers in lung tissues. f Immunoblot assay (left) with signal intensity quantitation analysis (right) of pulmonary CitH3 and PAD4 expression from mice receiving delivery of SFFV or SFFV-SNHG16 on day 14. g Left, representative CitH3 IF staining (green) with cell nuclei counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (blue). Scale bar = 12.5 µm, magnification ×800. Right, quantification of cell numbers with positive colocalized CitH3 and DNAs in lung tissues. h Representative LC3 IF staining (green) with cell nuclei counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (blue). Scale bar = 10 µm, magnification ×1000. Right, quantification of cell numbers with positive cytoplasmic LC3 in lung tissues. i From left to right, pulmonary TLR4, TRAF6, miR-146a, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-α, MX-1, p53, Bax, LC3 and Beclin-1 levels on day 0, 4, 9 and 14 from mice receiving delivery of SFFV or SFFV-SNHG16. Values are mean ± SD. Horizontal lines are mean values. Mouse numbers per group, 16 in a, b, 8 in c, d, e, g, h, i, 4 in f. All results in figure were representative of 2 independent experiments with similar findings. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001