Table 1 Clinical application of PBM different medical disciplines [81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94]

1. Dermatology

• Treatment for skin pigmentation, warts, facial telangiectasias, pyogenic granulomas, hemangiomas, Kaposi’s sarcoma, mucosal diseases and poikiloderma of civatte

• Removal of tattoo, acne scars and hair

• Stimulate the restoration process in cutaneous lesions pressure ulcers

2. Diabetes or prediabetes

• Antiatherogenic, immunomodulation and antioxidant

• Increase myocardial contractility, microcirculation, performance, nerve function

• Reduce glycaemia and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C)

• Accelerate angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

• Alleviate macular degeneration

• Reduces polyneuropathy

• Stimulate the restoration process of diabetic wounds

3. Dentistry

• Disinfect and stimulate wound healing

• Treatment for oral mucosa malignancies, dentinal hypersensitivity, and herpes simplex

• Promotes lymphatic flow and helps to modulate macrophage cell migration from lymphatic vessels

• Increases immune response

• Reduces swelling and pain

• Accelerate the stimulation of fibroblast and osteoblast cells

• Rebuilds bones after fractures and orthognathic surgery

• Reduces burning mouth syndrome, lichen planus and xerostomia

4. Neural diseases

• Improves recovery from stroke, myocardial infarction, and degenerative and traumatic brain conditions

• Reduces brain damage

• Treatment for peripheral nerves injuries

• Raised levels of neurometabolic energy, and improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive capabilities