Table 4 The effect of probiotics on corticosterone in rodents
From: Butterflies in the gut: the interplay between intestinal microbiota and stress
Treated microbiota | Strain | Age | Sex | Routes | Period of probiotic treatment | Stress model | Stress exposure time | Stess hormone | Outcome | Reference (PMID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bifidobacterium | BALB/c mice | 9Â weeks | Male | Gavage | 3Â weeks (once per day) | Restraint stress | 1Â h | Decrease | Decrease ACTH and corticosterone | 15133062 |
Bifidobacterium adolescentis IM38 | ICR mice | 7 week | Male | Gavage | 3 days (once a day) | Immobilization | 2 h | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 28969445 |
Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 | C57BL/6 mice | 8 week | Male | Gavage | 10 days (once a day) | Immobilization | 10 days (2 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 30224732 |
Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) | Sprague–Dawley rats | P20 | Both | Gavage | P4-P19 (once day) | Restraint stress | 1 h | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 34711869 |
Bifidobacterium breve strains CCFM1025 | C57BL/6J mice | 12Â week | Male | Gavage | 5Â weeks (once daily) | UCMS | 5Â weeks | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 32258258 |
Bifidobacterium breve strains M2CF22M7 | C57BL/6 mice | 12 week | Male | Gavage | 5 weeks (once daily) | UCMS | 5 weeks | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 30743155 |
Bifidobacterium longum NK46 | C57BL/6 mice | 6 week | Male | Gavage | 5 days (once a day) | Immobilization | 2 days (12 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 31564078 |
Bifidobacterium longum 1714 | Human | 25.5 year old | Male | Gavage | 4 weeks | Socially evaluated cold pressor test | 10 min | Decrease | Decreased stress hormone levels after stress-induced events | 27801892 |
Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 | C57BL/6 mice | 3 week | Both | Gavage | P2 to P21 | Maternal seperation | 20 days (3 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 28512033 |
Enterococcus faecalis 2001 | ddY mice | N/A | Male | Gavage | 14 days (once daily) | Dextran sulfate sodium | 7 days | N/A | Alleviate colitis-induced enteric neurotransmission and pathologies | 31672153 |
Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 strain | C57BL/6J mice | 12 week | Male | Diet | 4 weeks | N/A | N/A | N/A | Reduced anxiety like behavior and altered the receptors for norepinephrine and vasopressin in the prefrontal cortex | 31931033 |
Enterococcus faecalis | C57BL/6J mice | 11–15 (GF) | Male | Gavage | 3 weeks | Social behavior | 5 min | N/A | Decrease corticosterone (ABX), no change in GF mice | 34194038 |
Enterococcus faecalis | C57BL/6J mice | 12–16 (ABX) | Male | Gavage | 3 weeks | Social behavior | 5 min | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone (ABX), no change in GF mice | 34194038 |
Enterococcus faecalis strains, K9 and CP-1 | CF-1 mice | 6–8 week | Female | I.P | Once | Inject peritoneally with pathogenic bacteria | N/A | Increase | Increased the corticosterone in an acute manner | 16522776 |
Enterococcus faecalis SF3B strain | Wistar rats | 8–11 weeks | Male | Diet | 14 days | N/A | N/A | N/A | Alleviate colitis-induced enteric neurotransmission and pathologies | 26550572 |
Lactobacillus casei 54–2-33 | Sprague–Dawley rats | 5 week | Male | Water | 2 weeks | Elevated-plus maze | 5 min | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 28694176 |
Lactobacillus casei DKGF7 | Wistar rats | 12 week | Male | Gavage | 4 weeks (Daily) | Chronic restraint | 4 weeks (2 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 33572194 |
Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota | F344 rats | 10–11 week | Male | Gavage | 2 weeks (Daily) | WAS | 1 h | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 26896291 |
Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota | Human | 22.8–23 year | Both | Milk | 8 weeks | Academic stress | N/A | Decrease | Decrease cortisol | 26896291 |
Lactobacillus farciminis ML-7 | Wistar rats | N/A | Female | Gavage | 2 weeks (once per day) | Partial restraint stress | 2 h | Decrease | Suppress the activated HPA axis | 22541937 |
Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 | Sprague–Dawley rats | 20–21 days | Both | Gavage | Postnatal 6 to postnatal 21 (once a day) | WAS | 2 h | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 28,370,715 |
Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 | Sprague–Dawley rats | N/A | Male | Water | 26 days | Chronic restraint | 3 weeks (6 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 26408987 |
Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 | C57BL/6 mice | 7 week | Male | Gavage | 28 days (once per day) | Immobilization | 28 days (1 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 34122081 |
Lactobacillus johnsonii isolates | C57BL/6 mice | 5 week | Male | Gavage | 5 days (once per day) | Immobilization | 2 days (12 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 30979031 |
Lactobacillus mucosae NK41 | C57BL/6 mice | 6 week | Male | Gavage | 5 days (once a day) | Immobilization | 2 days (12 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 31564078 |
Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 | Swiss mice | 10 week | Male | Gavage | 5 weeks (Daily) | Chronic daily restraint | 3 weeks | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 31765723 |
Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 | C57BL/6J mice | 4 week | Both | Gavage | 4 weeks | Early-life stress | 2 weeks | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 30882243 |
Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 with Opuntia humifusa extract | Wistar rats | 12 weeks | Male | Oral | 4 weeks | Chronic restraint stress | 4 weeks (1 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 33092151 |
Lactobacillus paracasei HT6 | Wistar rats | 33 days | Both | Gavage | 14 days (Daily) | Early-life stressful social experience | 33 days | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone, ACTH in serum and GR expression in the brain | 34531716 |
Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 | C57BL/6J mice | 8–12 week | Both | Gavage | 4 weeks (Daily) | Early-life stress | 13 days (3 h per day) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 26620542 |
Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC-PTA-6475 | C57BL/6 and swiss mice | 12 week | Both | Water | 4 weeks | Wound healing | N/A | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 27825953 |
Lactobacillus reuteri exopolysaccharide | C57BL/6 mice | 6 week | Male | Gavage | 5 days (once a day) | Ampicillin treatment | 2 days (once a day) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 29867078 |
Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 | C57BL/6 mice | 8 week | Male | Gavage | 10 days (once a day) | Immobilization | 10 days (2 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 30224732 |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | C57BL/6 mice | 16 week | Male | Gavage | 8 weeks (Daily) | High-fat diet | 8 weeks | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 34064242 |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 | BALB/c mice | 10–12 week | Male | Water | 28 days | Acute restraint | 30 min | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 34175326 |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 | BALB/c mice | 10–12 week | Male | Water | 28 days | Maternal separation | 30 min | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 29867313 |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Sprague–Dawley rats | 12 week | Male | Water | 3 weeks | Acute restraint | 30 min | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 33343931 |
Escherichia coli | Swiss/NIH mice | 6–8 week | Both | Gavage | Monocolonized | N/A | N/A | Decrease | Reduced the basal levels of corticosterone | 32573321 |
Escherichia coli | C57BL/6 mice | 6Â week | Male | Gavage | 5Â days (once daily) | N/A | N/A | Increase | Increased the baseline corticosterone levels | 30224732 |
Klebsiella oxytoca | C57BL/6 mice | 6Â week | Male | Gavage | 5Â days (once daily) | N/A | N/A | Increase | Increased the baseline corticosterone levels | 29867078 |
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp actis BB-12®48 with Propionibacterium jensenii 702 | Wistar rats | 24 days | Both | Water | 10 days (Dam) | Maternal separation | PND 2–14 (3 h daily) | Increase | Increased the corticosterone in female, not male | 23071537 |
Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (Probio'Stick®) and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 | C57BL/6 | 8–10 week | Male | Gavage | 2 weeks (once daily) | WAS | 4 days (1 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 24372793 |
Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei | Sprague–Dawley rats | 10–12 week | Male | Gavage | 4 weeks (once daily) | UCMS | 28 days | Decrease | Decrease ACTH and corticosterone | 33913925 |
Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum (Heat-killed) | C57BL/6 | 8 week | Male | Diet | 9 weeks | Forced swim test | 4 min | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 30597248 |
Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 and Lactobacillus casei M2-01-R02-S01 (M2S01) | C57BL/6 | N/A | Male | Gavage | 4 weeks (Daily) | WAS and gavage of Citrobacter rodentium | 2 weeks (1 h daily) | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 33427835 |
Lactobacillus plantarum LRCC5310, Lactobacillus plantarum LRCC5314, and Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 | C57BL/6 | 20 week | Male | Gavage | Twice daily for 12 weeks | Chronic cold stress and high-fat diet | 12 weeks | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 34001561 |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain R0011 (95%) and Lactobacillus helveticus strain R0052 (5%) | Sprague–Dawley rats | 60–70 days | Both | Oral/Rectal | 16 days (twice a day) | Acute water avoidance | 30 min | Decrease | Decrease corticosterone | 17339238 |