Fig. 4

The effects of ectopic DUSP4 expression in vitro and in vivo.  a Confirmation of DUSP4 overexpression by Western blotting in ES2 cells with (ES2-Con) or without ARID1A (ES2-AKO). b Measurement of the cell proliferation rate using CellTiter-blue after DUSP4 transfection. c Measurement of the cell proliferation rate in ES2 cells after siRNA mediated ARID1A knockdown. Western blot panel shows the knockdown efficiency of ARID1A siRNA pool and positive correlation ARID1A with DUSP4 protein expression. siNT denotes control non-targeting siRNA whereas si-ARID1A targeted ARID1A. GAPDH expression was used as a loading control. d Tumor volume measurement graph of ES2 isogenic cell xenografts in nude/nude mice with (ERKi) or without (UT) ERK inhibitor treatment for 19 days. e Antitumor effect of ERKi (ERK inhibitor) on iPAD mice. f Representative photomicrographs of tumor volume/size and quantitative analysis of tumor volume at the endpoint between the control (UT) and ERKi inhibitor-treated groups. Mice in the UT control cohort were administered PBS/DMSO. Data are presented as the mean ± SD