Fig. 5

Effect of the EV-A71 + EV-D68 bivalent vaccine with or without PS-G or CpG as adjuvant on the levels of EV-D68-specific and EV-A71-specific IgA and IgG in the saliva, nasal wash, BALF, and feces of mice. Mice were intranasally immunized with PBS, formalin-inactivated EV-A71 (2.5 μg/mouse) and EV-D68 (2.5 μg/mouse), and formalin-inactivated EV-A71 (2.5 μg/mouse) and EV-D68 (2.5 μg/mouse) combined with PS-G (10 μg/mouse) or CpG (20 μg/mouse) as adjuvant thrice at 3-week intervals. The levels of a EV-D68-specific IgA and IgG, and b EV-A71-specific IgA and IgG in the saliva, nasal wash, BALF, and feces of mice after the third immunization were measured using ELISA. All data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001