Fig. 1
From: Immune evasion in cell-based immunotherapy: unraveling challenges and novel strategies
Mechanisms of tumor immune evasion. Tumor cells employ a diverse array of immune evasion mechanisms that curtail the effectiveness of cell-based immunotherapies, such as CAR-T cell therapies. These multifaceted strategies encompass tumor heterogeneity (A), tumor antigen loss (B), antigen presentation downregulation (C), immune checkpoint activation (D), apoptosis resistance (E), antigen masking (F), tumor lineage switch (G), tumor-induced immunosuppression (H), tumor microenvironment (TME) immunosuppression (I), and induction of T cell exhaustion (J)