Figure 2

Neuroprotective effect of ADNF-9 against alcohol-induced cell death in primordium cingulate cortex at E13. Prenatal alcohol exposure induced increases in TUNEL-positive cells. Importantly, administration of ADNF-9 prevented the alcohol-induced increases in cell death (a-c). Note that cells undergoing apoptosis are indicated by cell processes as shown by arrowheads. However, arrows indicate cells in the final stage of apoptosis. Statistical analyses demonstrate a significant difference between groups (p = 0.0405). (d) Prenatal alcohol exposure induced significant increases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the ALC group as compared to the PF (p < 0.05). ADNF-9 administration prevented significantly the alcohol-induced increases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells (p < 0.05). Values are expressed as means ± SEM. N = 4 for each group. *p < 0.05 (Newman-Keul's post hoc test). Scale bar = 100 μm.