Figure 3
From: Oxidative stress and its biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus
Formation of oxidative modified biomarkers by reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxidation biomarkers: malondialdehyde, F2-isoprostane, acrolein and Ox-LDL. Protein oxidation markers: protein carbonyl and protein nitration. Oxidative DNA damage biomarkers: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Antioxidant enzymes and molecules: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, oxidized glutathione, total antioxidant capacity.