Beneficial effects of co-treatment with dextromethorphan on prenatally methadone-exposed offspring

Table 2 Natural withdrawal behaviors of offspring within 24 h after birth

	Control	Methadone	Methadone + DM	DM
Natural withdrawal symptoms		Count (Mean ± SEM)
Head moves	10.6 ± 2.5	22.8 ± 6.7	23.3 ± 2.9	44.3 ± 11.1**
Paws moving	1.7 ± 0.2	44.8 ± 12.5***	8.2 ± 2.6^##	14.1 ± 4.0^##
Stretching	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.17 ± 0.17
Twisting	4.6 ± 1.7	3.2 ± 1.1	6.8 ± 1.4	0.8 ± 0.5
Rolling	0.4 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.5	0.0 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 1.0
Walking	0.0 ± 0.0	0.17 ± 0.17	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0
Total score	17.3 ± 4.0	71.8 ± 17.8*	38.3 ± 4.2	60.5 ± 14.0*

Natural withdrawal behaviors of the offspring were observed and counted for 15 min within 24 h after birth. Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. (n ≥ 11). One-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test were used to analyze the data. *P < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, compared to the control group; ^##p < 0.01, compared to the methadone group.

ISSN: 1423-0127