Fig. 4

The effects of 10 Hz EA stimulation and pilocarpine in sleep. Panels a & b: NREM sleep and REM sleep obtained from the undisturbed baseline (naïve rats), the sham EA group and the EA group. Panels c & d: NREM sleep and REM sleep acquired from the baseline, the pilocarpine group and the PFS + EA + pilocarpine group. Black circles: the values obtained from undisturbed rats (baseline); black triangles: the values obtained from the sham EA group; open diamonds: the values acquired from the EA group; open circles: the values obtained from the pilocarpine group; open triangles: the data acquired from the PFS + EA + pilocarpine group. *: p < 0.05 vs. baseline. Black bar: the dark period; white bar: the light period. The bars from the left to the right in panels E-H represent the data acquired from the baseline, the EA group, the pilocarpine group and the PFS + EA + pilocarpine group. Panels e and f represent the percentage of time spent in NREM sleep during the 12-h dark period and the subsequent 12-h light period, respectively. Panels g and h indicate the percentage of time spent in REM sleep during the 12-h dark period and the subsequent 12-h light period, respectively. All symbols represent a significance with a p < 0.05 when comparing between two groups