Table 1 General characteristics of monocytes/macrophages subsets participating in post-infarction cardiac remodeling
From: Macrophage activation and polarization in post-infarction cardiac remodeling
M1 inflammatory monocytes/macrophages (classically activated macrophages) | M2 monocytes/macrophages (alternatively activated macrophages) |
|---|---|
Markers | |
 Ly6Chi  CC chemokine receptor CCR2 | Ly6Clow Fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 MHCIIlow MHCIIhiCD11clowCCR2- MHCIIhiCD11chiCCR2hi CD206+F4/80+CD11b+ M2- |
Mediators of activation | |
 Cardiac fibroblasts  IFN-γ  Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor | Cardiac fibroblasts Hydrogen sulfide IL-1α Macrophage-derived urokinase plasminogen activator Osteopontin |
Secreted cytokines | |
 IL-1β  IL-6  TNF-α | VEGF TGF-ß |
Contributions to cardiac injury and repair | |
 Mediating of inflammatory phase  Proteolysis  Phagocytosis of cell debris | Resolution of inflammation Myofibroblast activation Neoangiogenesis |