Table 1 General characteristics of monocytes/macrophages subsets participating in post-infarction cardiac remodeling
From: Macrophage activation and polarization in post-infarction cardiac remodeling
| M1 inflammatory monocytes/macrophages (classically activated macrophages) | M2 monocytes/macrophages (alternatively activated macrophages) |
|---|---|
| Markers | |
|
Ly6Chi
CC chemokine receptor CCR2 |
Ly6Clow
Fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 MHCIIlow MHCIIhiCD11clowCCR2- MHCIIhiCD11chiCCR2hi CD206+F4/80+CD11b+ M2- |
| Mediators of activation | |
|
Cardiac fibroblasts IFN-γ Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
Cardiac fibroblasts Hydrogen sulfide IL-1α Macrophage-derived urokinase plasminogen activator Osteopontin |
| Secreted cytokines | |
|
IL-1β IL-6 TNF-α |
VEGF TGF-ß |
| Contributions to cardiac injury and repair | |
|
Mediating of inflammatory phase Proteolysis Phagocytosis of cell debris |
Resolution of inflammation Myofibroblast activation Neoangiogenesis |