Cancer immunotherapies targeting the PD-1 signaling pathway

Table 1 PD-1 signal inhibitors (anti–PD-1 and anti–PD-L1 antibodies) in clinical trials

Target	Agent	IgG class	Company	Approved
PD-1	nivolumab (Opdivo®, BMS-936558, MDX1106)	Human IgG4	Bristol-Meyers Squibb/Ono	Melanoma^{U, E, J} Lung cancer^{U, E, J} Kidney cancer^{U, J} Hodgkin’s lymphoma ^{U, E, J} Head and neck cancer ^U Urothelial cancer ^U
	pembrolizumab (Keytruda®MK-3475, lambrolizumab)	Humanized IgG4	Merck	Melanoma^{U, E, J} Lung cancer^{U, E, J} Head and neck cancer^U
	pidilizumab (CT-011)	Humanized IgG1k	Cure Tech
	AMP-224	PD-L2 IgG2a fusion protein	Amplimmune/GlaxoSmith Klein
	AMP-514 (MEDI0680)	PD-L2 fusion protein	Amplimmune/GlaxoSmith Klein
	PDR001	Humanized IgG4	Novartis Pharmaceuticals
PD-L1	BMS-936559 (MDX1105)	Human IgG4	Bristol-Meyers Squibb
	atezolizumab (Tecentriq®, MPDL3280A)	Humanized IgG1k	Roche/Genentech	Urothelial cancer^U Lung cancer^U
	durvalumab (MEDI4736)	Human IgG1k	MedImmune/AstraZeneca
	avelumab (MSB0010718C)	Human IgG1	Merck Serono/Pfizer

All antibodies used in clinical trials as of September 1, 2016 were extracted from ClinicalTrials.gov
Abbreviations: U U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved; E European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved, J Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) approved