Fig. 8

MARTXVv1-mediated cytotoxicity and morphological change in macrophage and epithelial cell lines. The bacteria were cultured in LB for 4 h, washed, and coincubated with RAW 264.7 cells (a, c) or HeLa cells (b, d) at MOI 10 for the indicated periods (a, b) or 1 h (c, d). The cytotoxicity (a, b) was estimated by LDH assay (n = 3), and the cell morphology (c, d) was examined under a light microscope. YJ016: WT strain; HL128: MD mutant. Data in c and d are representative of three independent experiments