Table 1 The 3 categories of H. pylori virulence factors and their functions
From: The impacts of H. pylori virulence factors on the development of gastroduodenal diseases
The three categories of virulence factors | Biological functions or associated diseases |
|---|---|
Colonization | Biological functions |
Urease |  Neutralize gastric acid |
Flagella Chemotaxis system |  Bacterial movement to epithelial surface & deep gland |
Adhesins |  Adherence to gastric epithelial cells |
 • BabA |  |
 • SabA |  |
 • Lewis antigens |  |
 • OipA |  |
Immune escape | Biological functions |
 LPS & Flagella |  Low immunogenicity  Molecular mimicry  Induce anti-inflammatory response |
 CagA & T4SS |  Suppress phagocytosis  Decrease antimicrobial peptide  Induce tolerogenic dendritic cell  Block effector T cell response |
 VacA |  Suppress phagocytosis  Induce tolerogenic dendritic cell  Block effector T cell response |
 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase |  Induce tolerogenic dendritic cell  Block effector T cell response |
 Cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase |  Suppress phagocytosis |
 Catalase Superoxide dismutase |  Suppress and ROS & NO |
 Arginase |  Suppress ROS & NO  Block effector T cell response |
Disease induction | Associated diseases |
 CagA & T4SS |  Gastric adenocarcinoma, MALToma & PUD |
 VacA |  Gastric adenocarcinoma & PUD |
 BabA |  Gastric adenocarcinoma & PUD |
 HtrA |  Gastric adenocarcinoma |
 DupA |  Duodenal ulcer |
 IceA |  PUD |
 OipA |  PUD |