Emerging roles of gap junction proteins connexins in cancer metastasis, chemoresistance and clinical application

Table 2 Cx26/Cx32 expression in clinical samples and their correlation with patients’ clinical outcomes

Cancer Type	Clinical manifest	Ref.
Cx26 in primary tumor tissues
Breast	Cytoplasmic Cx26; associated with lymphatic vessel invasion and poor relapse-free survival	[63]
Colorectal	Cytoplasmic Cx26; associated with venous invasion, lung metastasis, and poor disease-free survival	[64]
FTC	Cytoplasmic Cx26; associated with lymph node metastasis	[65]
PTC	Cytoplasmic Cx26; associated with high incidence of intra-glandular dissemination	[65]
ESCC	Cytoplasmic Cx26; associated with lymph node metastasis and poor 5-year survival	[66]
Melanoma	Cx26 mRNA; associated with poor survival	[24]
Breast	Cx26 mRNA; associated with recurrence	[24]
Cx26 in metastatic lesions
Breast	Cell surface Cx26; increased expression in lymph node metastases; cell surface Cx26 was only found in metastatic lesions	[18]
Colorectal	Cytoplasmic Cx26; increased expression in lung metastatic lesions	[64]
Cx32 in primary tumor tissues
HCC	Cx32 mRNA; reversely correlated with histological grade and lymph node metastasis	[78]
HCC	Cx32 mRNA; associated with low vascular invasion and high overall survival rate	[79]
Cx32 in metastatic lesions
Breast	Cytoplasmic Cx32; increased expression in metastatic lymph nodes	[70]

FTC Follicular thyroid cancer, PTC Papillary thyroid cancer, ESCC Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer, HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma

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