From: Implications of altered NAD metabolism in metabolic disorders
Molecule | Aim | Design | Intervention | Outcome | References (Clinical trials.gov or UMIN-CTR identifier) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NR | Study for PK and safety in healty volunteer. | Randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Healthy volunteers (n = 12), Age from 33 to 55, BMI from 18.5 to 29.9 | Oral administration. Single administration at 100, 300, and 1000 mg | Increased NAD and NAAD levels in PBMC. No seriouse adverse side effects. Two individuals self-reported flushing at the 300 mg dose. | [97] (NCT02191462) |
NR | Study for PK and safety in healty volunteer. | Non-randomized, open-label, non-placebo controlled study. Healthy volunteers (n = 8), Age from 21 to 50 | Oral administration. Dose-escalation at 250 mg (Day 1, 2), 500 mg (Day 3, 4), 1000 mg (Day 5, 6), and 2000 mg (Day 7, 8) | Approximately 100% Increase in NAD level in whole blood with a potisitve colleration of NR level. No seriouse adverse side effects. | [98] (NCT02689882) |
NR | Study for safety and efficacy against physical activities in elderly people. | Non-randomized, open-label, crossover study. Healthy volunteers (n = 30), Age from 55 to 79, BMI =24 ± 4 | Oral administration. Crossover of placebo for 6 weeks and NR 500 mg twice daily for 6 weeks | Increased NAD and NAAD levels in PBMC. Well torelated and no seriouse adverse side effects. Lowered systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness in NR treated group. | [99] (NCT02921659) |
NR | Study for kinetics and efficacy against exercise performance in elderly people. | Randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Healthy young (n = 12, 22.9 ± 1.0 years) and elderly (n = 12, 71.5 ± 1.0 years) volunteers | Single oral administration. Crossover of placebo and NR 500 mg | Increased NADH and NADPH levels in RBCs. Regarding exercise performance, Isometric peak torque and fatigue index is improved in NR treated old group. | [100] N/A |
NR | Study for safety and efficacy against insulin sensitivity in obese men | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Healthy, sedentary, obese men (n = 40), Age from 40 to 70, BMI > 30 | Oral administration. Placebo or NR 1000 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. | Increased urinary NR, NAM, MeNAM in NR treasted group. Insulin sensitivity, endogenous glucose production, and glucose disposal and oxidation were not improved Resting energy expenditure or body composition was not affected. No serious adverse side effects. | [101] (NCT02303483) |
NRPT (NR and pterostilbene) | Study for safety and efficacy against NAD sustainability in elderly people | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Healthy volunteers (n = 120), Age from 60 to 80 | Oral administration. Placebo, 1XNRPT (250 mg NR and 50 mg PT), or 2XNRPT (500 mg NR and 100 mg PT) daily for 8 weeks. | Increased NAD level in whole blood with a dose-dependent manner. Total and LDL cholesterol levels were increased in NPRT treated group. No lserious adverse side effects. | [102] (NCT02678611) |
NMN | Study for efficacy against in insulin sensitivity and β-cell functions in female elderly people. | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Postmenopausal women 55–75 years old, BMI 25.0–44.9, and pre-diabetic. | Oral administration. Placebo or NMN 250 mg daily for 8 weeks. | N/A | (NCT03151239) |
NMN | Study for PK and safety in healty volunteer. | Non-randomized, open-label, non-placebo controlled study. Male healthy volunteers (n = 10), Age from 40 to 60 | Oral administration. Single administration. Dose is not described. | N/A | [103] (UMIN000021309) |
NMN | Study for PK, safety, and effects on hormones in healty volunteer. | Randomized, dose comparison, double-blinded study. Healthy volunteers (n = 20), Age from 50 to 70 | Oral administration. Single administration in dose of 100 mg or 200 mg of NMN. | N/A | (UMIN000025739) |
NMN | Study for PK and safety in healty volunteer. | Non-randomized, open-label, non-placebo controlled study. Male healthy volunteers (n = 10), Age from 40 to 60 | Oral administration. Long-term NMN administration for 8 weeks. Dose is not described. | N/A | [104] (UMIN000030609) |