Fig. 2
From: Atherosclerosis and flow: roles of epigenetic modulation in vascular endothelium
Epigenetic regulation of HDACs, non-coding RNAs, and DNMTs in vascular function and dysfunction. HDACs deacetylate not only the transcriptional factor, but also DNA regions of promoter or enhancer, to repress the expressions of anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidative genes. Proliferative, oxidative, and pro-inflammatory miRs target anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory mRNAs to drive proliferative, oxidative, and inflammatory signaling, respectively. In contrast, anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory miRs target the respective mRNAs to drive anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory signaling, respectively. DNMTs methylate DNA regions of promoter or enhancer to inhibit the expression of anti-inflammatory genes to elicit inflammatory signaling. Ac: acetylation; TF: transcription factor; Me: methylation